Template:Infobox yttrium

Yttrium,  ₃₉Y

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Yttrium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	39
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
Boiling point	3203 K ​(2930 °C, ​5306 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	4.472 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 600 kJ/mol 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	17.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+2.15·10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	200–589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
History
Naming	after Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite)
Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Heinrich Rose (1843)
Main isotopes of yttrium
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