Tin, 50Sn |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Allotropes | alpha, α (gray); beta, β (white) |
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| Appearance | silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α) |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Tin in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 50 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | p-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | white, β: 7.265 g/cm3
gray, α: 5.769 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.99 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | white, β: 7.03 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | white, β: 296.1 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | white, β: 27.112 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.96 |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 708.6 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 140 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 139±4 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 217 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
white (β) |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
gray (α) |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2730 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled) |
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| Thermal expansion | 22.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 66.8 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 115 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | gray: diamagnetic[1]
white (β): paramagnetic |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | (white) +3.1·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2] |
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| Young's modulus | 50 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 18 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 58 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.36 |
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| Brinell hardness | 50–440 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-31-5 |
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| History |
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| Discovery | around 3500 BC |
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| Main isotopes of tin |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
