Thallium, 81Tl |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Thallium in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 81 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 6 |
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| Block | p-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 577 K (304 °C, 579 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 11.85 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 11.22 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 4.14 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 165 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.32 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.62 |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 170 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 145±7 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 196 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 818 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 29.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 46.1 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[1] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | −50.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2] |
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| Young's modulus | 8 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 2.8 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 43 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.45 |
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| Mohs hardness | 1.2 |
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| Brinell hardness | 26.5–44.7 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-28-0 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after Greek thallos, green shoot or twig |
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| Discovery | William Crookes (1861) |
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| First isolation | Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862) |
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| Main isotopes of thallium |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na23K9Tl15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl57−, Tl48−, Tl37−, and Tl5− Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
