Template:Infobox thallium

Thallium, ₈₁Tl
	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Thallium in the periodic table
	Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	81
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	p-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	577 K (304 °C, 579 °F)
Boiling point	1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	11.85 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	11.22 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	4.14 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization\|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	165 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.32 J/(mol·K)
	[[Vapor pressure\|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.62
[[Ionization energy\|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 589.4 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 170 pm
Covalent radius	145±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	196 pm
	Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	818 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	29.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	46.1 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−50.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	8 GPa
Shear modulus	2.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.45
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	26.5–44.7 MPa
CAS Number	7440-28-0
History
Naming	after Greek thallos, green shoot or twig
Discovery	William Crookes (1861)
First isolation	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Main isotopes of thallium
	Template:Infobox element/isotopes table
	view; talk; edit; \| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.

[1] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[2] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[3] Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.

[1]

[2]