Scandium, 21 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Scandium in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 21 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 4 Block d-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Ar ] 3d1 4s2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1814 K (1541 °C, 2806 °F) Boiling point 3109 K (2836 °C, 5136 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 2.985 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 2.80 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 14.1 kJ/mol [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] 332.7 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.52 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.36 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 633.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 162 pm Covalent radius 170±7 pm Van der Waals radius 211 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Thermal expansion α, poly: 10.2 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 15.8 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity α, poly: 562 nΩ·m (at r.t., calculated) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic Magnetic susceptibility +315.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (292 K)[1] Young's modulus 74.4 GPa Shear modulus 29.1 GPa Bulk modulus 56.6 GPa Poisson ratio 0.279 Brinell hardness 736–1200 MPa CAS Number 7440-20-2 History Naming after Scandinavia Prediction Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) Discovery and first isolationLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)Main isotopes of scandium Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 ↑ McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics . 33 : 1584–1585. Bibcode :1960JChPh..33.1584M . doi :10.1063/1.1731452 . ↑ Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences . 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode :1973RSPSA.332..113S . doi :10.1098/rspa.1973.0015 . 