Template:Infobox gadolinium

Gadolinium,  ₆₄Gd

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Gadolinium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	64
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
Boiling point	3273 K ​(3000 °C, ​5432 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] (calculated) Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	α poly: 9.4 µm/(m·K) (at 100 °C)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 1.310 µΩ·m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition at 293.4 K
Magnetic susceptibility	+755,000.0·10−6 cm3/mol (300.6 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.259
Vickers hardness	510–950 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
History
Naming	after the mineral Gadolinite (itself named after Johan Gadolin)
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Main isotopes of gadolinium
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