Template:Infobox cerium

Cerium,  ₅₈Ce

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Cerium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	58
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1068 K ​(795 °C, ​1463 °F)
Boiling point	3716 K ​(3443 °C, ​6229 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.770 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.55 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	5.46 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	398 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.94 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.12
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 181.8 pm
Covalent radius	204±9 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure β-Ce
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure γ-Ce
Speed of sound thin rod	2100 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	11.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	(β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	γ form: 33.6 GPa
Shear modulus	γ form: 13.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	γ form: 21.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	γ form: 0.24
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	210–470 MPa
Brinell hardness	186–412 MPa
CAS Number	7440-45-1
History
Naming	after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
First isolation	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Main isotopes of cerium
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