Tin, 50 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Allotropes alpha, α (gray) ; beta, β (white) Appearance silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α) Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Tin in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 50 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 5 Block p-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d10 5s2 5p2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18, 4 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F) Boiling point 2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F) Density (near r.t. ) white, β: 7.265 g/cm3 3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.99 g/cm3 Heat of fusion white, β: 7.03 kJ/mol [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] white, β: 296.1 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity white, β: 27.112 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.96 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 708.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 140 pm Covalent radius 139±4 pm Van der Waals radius 217 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Speed of sound thin rod 2730 m/s (at r.t. ) (rolled) Thermal expansion 22.0 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 66.8 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 115 nΩ·m (at 0 °C) Magnetic ordering gray: diamagnetic [1] paramagnetic Magnetic susceptibility (white) +3.1·10−6 cm3 /mol (298 K)[2] Young's modulus 50 GPa Shear modulus 18 GPa Bulk modulus 58 GPa Poisson ratio 0.36 Brinell hardness 50–440 MPa CAS Number 7440-31-5 History Discovery around 3500 BC Main isotopes of tin Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 ↑ "SnH3" . NIST Chemistry WebBook . National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013 .↑ "HSn" . NIST Chemistry WebBook . National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013 . 