Cerium, 58 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Cerium in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 58 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 6 Block f-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f1 5d1 6s2 [1] Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) Boiling point 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 6.770 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.55 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 5.46 kJ/mol [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] 398 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.94 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.12 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 181.8 pm Covalent radius 204±9 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Speed of sound thin rod 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 11.3 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [2] Magnetic susceptibility (β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[3] Young's modulus γ form: 33.6 GPa Shear modulus γ form: 13.5 GPa Bulk modulus γ form: 21.5 GPa Poisson ratio γ form: 0.24 Mohs hardness 2.5 Vickers hardness 210–470 MPa Brinell hardness 186–412 MPa CAS Number 7440-45-1 History Naming after dwarf planet Ceres , itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres Discovery Martin Heinrich Klaproth , Jöns Jakob Berzelius , Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) First isolation Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838) Main isotopes of cerium Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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