Latest revision as of 18:08, 11 November 2018
Gadolinium, 64Gd |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Gadolinium in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 64 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 6 |
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| Block | f-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1585 K (1312 °C, 2394 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3273 K (3000 °C, 5432 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 7.90 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.4 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 10.05 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 301.3 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 37.03 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] (calculated) |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.20 |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 593.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 180 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 196±6 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2680 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | α poly: 9.4 µm/(m·K) (at 100 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 10.6 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | α, poly: 1.310 µΩ·m |
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| Magnetic ordering | ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition at 293.4 K |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | +755,000.0·10−6 cm3/mol (300.6 K)[1] |
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| Young's modulus | α form: 54.8 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | α form: 21.8 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | α form: 37.9 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | α form: 0.259 |
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| Vickers hardness | 510–950 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-54-2 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after the mineral Gadolinite (itself named after Johan Gadolin) |
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| Discovery | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880) |
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| First isolation | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) |
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| Main isotopes of gadolinium |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
