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'''Atabat''', literally means “thresholds,” more fully, ʿatabat-e ʿaliyat or ʿatabat-e (or aʿtab-e) moqaddasa, is “the lofty or sacred thresholds,” the Shiʿite shrine cities of Iraq—[[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], Kazemayn, and Samarra—containing the tombs of six of the imams as well as secondary sites of pilgrimage. | '''Atabat''', literally means “thresholds,” more fully, ʿatabat-e ʿaliyat or ʿatabat-e (or aʿtab-e) moqaddasa, is “the lofty or sacred thresholds,” the Shiʿite shrine cities of Iraq—[[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], Kazemayn, and Samarra—containing the tombs of six of the Shia imams as well as secondary sites of pilgrimage. | ||
==Najaf== | ==Najaf== | ||
Najaf is the burial place of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|'Ali b. Abi Talib]], cousin and son-in-law of the prophet [[Muhammad]], and first in the line of Shi'ite [[imam]]s, who died in 661 C.E. | Najaf is the burial place of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|'Ali b. Abi Talib]], cousin and son-in-law of the prophet [[Muhammad]], and first in the line of Shi'ite [[imam]]s, who died in 661 C.E. | ||
==Karbala== | ==Karbala== | ||
[[Karbala]] is where [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]], ‘Ali's son and the third imam, was martyred in a battle against the [[Umayyad|Umayyads]] (r. 661–750 C.E.) in 680 C.E. It is a cornerstone of Shi'ite belief that Hussain, courageous and principled, went to battle against all odds, and his demise prefigures and embodies the fate of all those who take an active stand against oppression and injustice. The site of Hussain's [[martyrdom]] had emerged as a Muslim holy site by the middle of the seventh century. | [[Karbala]] is where [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]], ‘Ali's son and the third imam, was martyred in a battle against the [[Umayyad|Umayyads]] (r. 661–750 C.E.) in 680 C.E. It is a cornerstone of Shi'ite belief that Hussain, courageous and principled, went to battle against all odds, and his demise prefigures and embodies the fate of all those who take an active stand against oppression and injustice. The site of Hussain's [[martyrdom]] had emerged as a Muslim holy site by the middle of the seventh century. | ||
== | ==Kadhimiya== | ||
Kadhimiya entered the sacred landscape of Shi'ism in the ninth century, as the burial site of the seventh and ninth imams, [[Musa al-Kazim]] (d. 802 C.E.) and [[Mohammad al-Taqi]] (d. 834 C.E.). Kadhimiya is also the burial site of many a medieval Shi'ite luminary. | |||
==Samarra== | ==Samarra== | ||
Samarra, which lies at a distance from the rest of the ʻatabat, contains the tombs of the tenth and eleventh imams, [[Ali AL-HADI|Ali al-Naqi]] (d. 868 C.E.) and [[Hasan al-`Askari|Hasan al-'Askari]] (d. 873 C.E.). The twelfth imam entered occultation in Samarra in 941 C.E. | Samarra, which lies at a distance from the rest of the ʻatabat, contains the tombs of the tenth and eleventh imams, [[Ali AL-HADI|Ali al-Naqi]] (d. 868 C.E.) and [[Hasan al-`Askari|Hasan al-'Askari]] (d. 873 C.E.). The twelfth imam entered occultation in Samarra in 941 C.E. | ||