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[[File:Fatimaa.png|thumbnail|Arabic calligraphy of Fatima, Prophet Muhammad's daughter]] | [[File:Fatimaa.png|thumbnail|Arabic calligraphy of Fatima, Prophet Muhammad's daughter]] | ||
'''Fatima,''' (d. 11 AH/632 AD), daughter of [[Muhammad]] and [[Khadija]], wife of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|ʿAli b. Abi Talib]], mother of [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|al-Hasan]] and [[Hussain ibn Ali|al-Hussain]], was the only one of the Prophet’s daughters to enjoy great renown. She became the object of great veneration by all Muslims. This may be because she lived closest to her father, lived longest, and gave him numerous descendants, who spread throughout the Muslim world. <ref>Veccia Vaglieri, L. (2007). “Fāṭima”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.</ref> She is also one of [[the People of Cloak]] and, in Twelver Shi’ite belief, one of the [[fourteen Infallibles]]. She was the only lady chosen by the Prophet Muhammad to be part of [[Mubahala]] with the Christian of Najran. | '''Fatima,''' (d. 11 AH/632 AD), daughter of [[Muhammad]] and [[Khadija]], wife of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|ʿAli b. Abi Talib]], mother of [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|al-Hasan]] and [[Hussain ibn Ali|al-Hussain]], was the only one of the Prophet’s daughters to enjoy great renown. She became the object of great veneration by all Muslims. This may be because she lived closest to her father, lived longest, and gave him numerous descendants, who spread throughout the Muslim world. <ref>Veccia Vaglieri, L. (2007). “Fāṭima”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.</ref> She is also one of [[the People of Cloak]] and, in Twelver Shi’ite belief, one of the [[fourteen Infallibles]]. She was the only lady chosen by the Prophet Muhammad to be part of [[Mubahala]] with the Christian of Najran. In contrast to the rich hagiographic material on Fatima, purely historical information, reported particularly in Sunni sources, is rare and usually involves only insignificant episodes. | ||
In contrast to the rich hagiographic material on Fatima, purely historical information, reported particularly in Sunni sources, is rare and usually involves only insignificant episodes. | |||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
[[File:Fatima's House.jpg|thumbnail|A rarely seen picture of Fatima's house in Medina,1982]] | [[File:Fatima's House.jpg|thumbnail|A rarely seen picture of Fatima's house in Medina,1982]] | ||
Fatima was probably the youngest daughter of [[Muhammad]] and his first wife, [[Khadija]], the only daughter to live long enough to bear numerous | Fatima was probably the youngest daughter of [[Muhammad]] and his first wife, [[Khadija]], the only daughter to live long enough to bear numerous offsprings. Her date of birth is variously given as between five years before and two years after the beginning of the Prophet’s mission. <ref>Lammens, pp. 8-14.</ref> She was particularly close to her father and is said to have followed him to Medina shortly after his emigration (hejra). Although there is disagreement over details, she became the wife of the Imam [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Ali b. Abi Taleb]] probably in 2/623-24. Muhammad arranged this marriage in obedience to divine will, having already rejected requests for her hand by Abu Bakr, ʿOmar, and probably the very wealthy ʿAbd-al-Rahman b. ʿAwf. <ref>Ibn Saʿd, pp. 11-20; Ibn Rostam, p. 12.</ref> | ||
Before the occupation of the prosperous oasis of Khaybar ʿAli and Fatima were poor. As long as she lived Fatima was ʿAli’s only wife and bore him five children: [[Hasan]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]], Muhassen (or Muhsen, dead at very young age), Omm Kulthum, and [[Zaynab]]. She was apparently much affected by her father’s death and died of illness in Medina a few months later, in 11/633. Reports on her death, her burial, and the exact place of her grave are contradictory. <ref>Yaʿqūbī, Taʾrīḵ II, pp. 128-30; Tabari, III, pp. 2436 ff.; Masʿūdī, Morūj VI, p. 165.</ref> Today three sites in Medina are visited as her burial place. | Before the occupation of the prosperous oasis of Khaybar ʿAli and Fatima were poor. As long as she lived Fatima was ʿAli’s only wife and bore him five children: [[Hasan]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]], Muhassen (or Muhsen, dead at very young age), Omm Kulthum, and [[Zaynab]]. She was apparently much affected by her father’s death and died of illness in Medina a few months later, in 11/633. Reports on her death, her burial, and the exact place of her grave are contradictory. <ref>Yaʿqūbī, Taʾrīḵ II, pp. 128-30; Tabari, III, pp. 2436 ff.; Masʿūdī, Morūj VI, p. 165.</ref> Today three sites in Medina are visited as her burial place. | ||