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Yazid: Difference between revisions
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'''Yazid b. Muʿawiya''' was the second [[Umayyad]] caliph (r. 60-4/680-3). He was named as his successor by his father, [[Muʻawiya|Muʿawiya]]. His mother was Maysun, a sister of the Kalbi leader Ibn Bahdal. The Banu Kalb were strong in the southern regions of Syria, and Muʿawiya appointed Yazid as his successor in preference to an older half-brother, ʿAbd Allah, born of a Qurashi mother. Yazid’s kunya, Abu Khalid, refers to one of his own younger sons, Khalid b. Yazid. During his father’s caliphate, Yazid commanded expeditions (sawaʾif see Saʾifa. 1) against the Byzantines and participated in an attack upon Constantinople (in 49/669 or 50/670) that is mentioned in both Muslim and non-Muslim sources. He had apparently nominated his eldest son Muʿawiya as his successor, but the latter received only limited acceptance as caliph and died within months. | '''Yazid b. Muʿawiya''' was the second [[Umayyad]] caliph (r. 60-4/680-3). He was named as his successor by his father, [[Muʻawiya|Muʿawiya]]. His mother was Maysun, a sister of the Kalbi leader Ibn Bahdal. The Banu Kalb were strong in the southern regions of Syria, and Muʿawiya appointed Yazid as his successor in preference to an older half-brother, ʿAbd Allah, born of a Qurashi mother. Yazid’s kunya, Abu Khalid, refers to one of his own younger sons, Khalid b. Yazid. During his father’s [[caliphate]], Yazid commanded expeditions (sawaʾif see Saʾifa. 1) against the Byzantines and participated in an attack upon Constantinople (in 49/669 or 50/670) that is mentioned in both Muslim and non-Muslim sources. He had apparently nominated his eldest son Muʿawiya as his successor, but the latter received only limited acceptance as caliph and died within months. | ||
Yazid's nomination to caliphate by his father, Mu’awiya, was opposed by many Muslims. In particular, [[Hussain ibn Ali]] and ʿAbd Allah b. al-Zubayr refused to recognized his caliphate. In 61/680, Yazid's army, led by [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|‘Omar ibn Sa’d]], mascaraed Hussain and his followers at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. Meanwhile, al-Zubayr launched an insurgency in the Hejaz. In 63/682, Yazid’s army could capture Medina which led to the massacre of thousands of Prophet’s companions. In 64/683, his army besieged Mecca in an attempt to suppress al-Zubayr’s followers. The siege ended with the death of Yazid in November 683 and the empire fell to civil war. | Yazid's nomination to caliphate by his father, Mu’awiya, was opposed by many Muslims. In particular, [[Hussain ibn Ali]] and ʿAbd Allah b. al-Zubayr refused to recognized his caliphate. In 61/680, Yazid's army, led by [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|‘Omar ibn Sa’d]], mascaraed Hussain and his followers at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. Meanwhile, al-Zubayr launched an insurgency in the Hejaz. In 63/682, Yazid’s army could capture Medina which led to the massacre of thousands of Prophet’s companions. In 64/683, his army besieged Mecca in an attempt to suppress al-Zubayr’s followers. The siege ended with the death of Yazid in November 683 and the empire fell to civil war. | ||