Water: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
2,055 bytes added ,  26 July 2020
add text
(Created page with "'''Water''' is the source of life and an important mythical and symbolic element in many cultures, including in Shia culture. Water is a clear, tasteless, and odorl...")
 
(add text)
Line 15: Line 15:
In mystical and Sufi culture, water is used extensively as a symbol, metonymy, and allegory. For example, it has been interpreted as divine knowledge and wisdom, and as a metaphor for prophets and divine personages, the perfect human, and the realm of meaning and theological discourse (revelation and inspiration). [[Isma’ili|Ismaili]] Shiites believe water is the sign of "science of [[imamate|Imamah]] and al-Ḥujjah".
In mystical and Sufi culture, water is used extensively as a symbol, metonymy, and allegory. For example, it has been interpreted as divine knowledge and wisdom, and as a metaphor for prophets and divine personages, the perfect human, and the realm of meaning and theological discourse (revelation and inspiration). [[Isma’ili|Ismaili]] Shiites believe water is the sign of "science of [[imamate|Imamah]] and al-Ḥujjah".


==In Islamic History ==
==In Islamic History==
Water has played a prominent role in some major events in Islamic history. Water has often been a scarce resource in Muslim populated areas. This scarcity has occasionally been taken advantage of in wars and battles. Some of the well-known examples include the siege of Uthman, the [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran/siffin-battle-of-EQSIM_00388 Battle of Siffin], and, most importantly, the Battle of [[Karbala]]. According to historical sources, in 35 A.H, a group of opponents to Uthman ibn Affan—the Third Caliph—surrounded him in his house, cutting off the water supply. In the Battle of Siffin, [[Mu'awiya|Muawiya]] blocked off the access of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]'s army to water wells. In contrast to Muawiya, Ali did not take reciprocal measures once his army regained access to water.  
Water has played a prominent role in some major events in Islamic history. Water has often been a scarce resource in Muslim populated areas. This scarcity has occasionally been taken advantage of in wars and battles. Some of the well-known examples include the siege of Uthman, the [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran/siffin-battle-of-EQSIM_00388 Battle of Siffin], and, most importantly, the Battle of [[Karbala]]. According to historical sources, in 35 A.H, a group of opponents to Uthman ibn Affan—the Third Caliph—surrounded him in his house, cutting off the water supply. In the Battle of Siffin, [[Mu'awiya|Muawiya]] blocked off the access of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]'s army to water wells. In contrast to Muawiya, Ali did not take reciprocal measures once his army regained access to water.  


===In Battel of Karbala ===
===In Battel of Karbala===
According to the [[Maqtal|Maqatel]] sources of [[Ashura]], [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah ibn Ziad]] ordered [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Omar ibn Sa'd]], to block [[Hussain ibn Ali]] and his companions from accessing water in a letter. On the 7th of [[Muharram]] of the year 61 AH, Omar ibn Sa'd commissioned Amro ibn al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi and 500 cavalry soldiers to guard the Alghameh river—a branch of the Euphrates—to prevent Imam Hussain's army from accessing the water. Sa'd's troops rejoiced in pointing this out during their saber rattling as a means of psychological pressure. For example, 'Abd Allah b. Abi l-Hussain al-Azdi said to Hussain: "Do you see this water that is as clear as the heart of the sky? You shall not taste a drop of it until you die of thirst." Hussain and his companions made a few efforts to break the siege with partial success in a few cases prior to the actual Day of Ashura. The most famous of these attempts was on the evening of Ashura by [[Abbas B. ʿAli B. Abu Taleb|Abbas ibn Ali]], which led to his [[martyrdom]].
According to the [[Maqtal|Maqatel]] sources of [[Ashura]], [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah ibn Ziad]] ordered [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Omar ibn Sa'd]], to block [[Hussain ibn Ali]] and his companions from accessing water in a letter. On the 7th of [[Muharram]] of the year 61 AH, Omar ibn Sa'd commissioned Amro ibn al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi and 500 cavalry soldiers to guard the Alghameh river—a branch of the Euphrates—to prevent Imam Hussain's army from accessing the water. Sa'd's troops rejoiced in pointing this out during their saber rattling as a means of psychological pressure. For example, 'Abd Allah b. Abi l-Hussain al-Azdi said to Hussain: "Do you see this water that is as clear as the heart of the sky? You shall not taste a drop of it until you die of thirst." Hussain and his companions made a few efforts to break the siege with partial success in a few cases prior to the actual Day of Ashura. The most famous of these attempts was on the evening of Ashura by [[Abbas B. ʿAli B. Abu Taleb|Abbas ibn Ali]], which led to his [[martyrdom]].
Because of these events, water holds a prominent symbolical link to Ashura. Water and thirst are widely used in Ashura related literature, elegy, and [[Nowhe|noha]] (lamentation). In many lamentations, the thirst of Imam Hussain, his companions, and their wives and children is constantly repeated as a common theme of the tragedy. Thirst is particularly emphasized in the mourning for the martyrdom of Al-Hussain's youngest child [[Ali Asqar ibn Hussain|Ali al-Asqar]] and Abbas ibn Ali, the [[Saqqa]] (water carrier) of the Thirsty.
Because of these events, water holds a prominent symbolical link to Ashura. Water and thirst are widely used in Ashura related literature, elegy, and [[Nowhe|noha]] (lamentation). In many lamentations, the thirst of Imam Hussain, his companions, and their wives and children is constantly repeated as a common theme of the tragedy. Thirst is particularly emphasized in the mourning for the martyrdom of Al-Hussain's youngest child [[Ali Asqar ibn Hussain|Ali al-Asqar]] and Abbas ibn Ali, the [[Saqqa]] (water carrier) of the Thirsty.
== Remembering Hussain ibn Ali while Drinking Water ==
Through successive chain of transmitters, Ja’far bin Qawlawayh relates with his chain of authorities from Dawood Raqqi, who says that once I was in the presence of Imam [[Jaʿfar al-Sadiq|Ja’far al-Sadiq]] when he asked for water to drink. When he drank it, grief overtook him and his eyes became full of tears. Then he said,
“O Dawood! May Allah’s curse be upon the murderers of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]. There is no servant (of Allah) who drinks water and remembers Hussain and curses his enemies, except that Allah writes one lac (100,000) virtues in his record, and forgives one lac sins of his, and elevates his position one lac times. It is as if he has freed one lac slaves, and on the day of Qiyamah he shall arise satiated.”
== Hadith on Water of Euphrates ==
Imam Ali said: “Euphrates is the best of waters in this world and the hereafter.”<ref>Wasaa'il al Shia, Volume 14, Chapter 34, Page 407, Hadith: 19472.</ref>
Ibn Qowlowaih has narrated: “Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain said: “Every night an angel comes to earth along with three ounces of musk from Heaven, and places them in the Euphrates, and there is neither a river in the east or west with greater blessings than it.”<ref>Mustadrak al Wasa'il, Volume 17, Chapter 19, Page 22, Hadith: 2.</ref>
Another narration that has reached us in respect of the Euphrates River had been narrated from Imam Hussain, as he said: “Heavenly drops fall into the Euphrates daily.”<ref>Kaamil al Ziyaraat, Chapter 13, Page 48, Hadith: 8.</ref>


==In Shia Popular Culture==
==In Shia Popular Culture==
Line 27: Line 40:


==Bibliography==  
==Bibliography==  
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/946128 Qur'an Bible Eliade (1997)]
 
* [http://lib-mhodat.ir/opac//index.php?lvl=record_display&id=1365 Jabari,Muhammad Reza (2010). The history of Islam 1. Qom: The University of Islamic culture and education]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/946128 Qur'an Bible Eliade (1997)]
* Knowing religions, Amir Khawas (2010). Imam Khomeini's Educational and research institute.
*[http://lib-mhodat.ir/opac//index.php?lvl=record_display&id=1365 Jabari,Muhammad Reza (2010). The history of Islam 1. Qom: The University of Islamic culture and education]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/2028876 Dehkhoda (1994)]
*Knowing religions, Amir Khawas (2010). Imam Khomeini's Educational and research institute.
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/560627 Dinawari (1985)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/2028876 Dehkhoda (1994)]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/519147 Guirand et al. (1996)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/560627 Dinawari (1985)]
* [http://noo.rs/iqJNy Sepahvandi (2006)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/519147 Guirand et al. (1996)]
* [http://noo.rs/KMD60 Shabani Asl (2007)]
*[http://noo.rs/iqJNy Sepahvandi (2006)]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/98785 Sadagheh (1998)]
*[http://noo.rs/KMD60 Shabani Asl (2007)]
* [http://noo.rs/NdmNS Foroughi (2003)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/98785 Sadagheh (1998)]
* [http://noo.rs/DEvPj Ghaemi et al. (2009)]
*[http://noo.rs/NdmNS Foroughi (2003)]
* [http://noo.rs/rnBsX Lings (1995)]
*[http://noo.rs/DEvPj Ghaemi et al. (2009)]
* [http://noo.rs/gtokY Modarasi (2008)]
*[http://noo.rs/rnBsX Lings (1995)]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/568596 Nasr bin Muzahim (1996)]
*[http://noo.rs/gtokY Modarasi (2008)]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1638743 Hedayatpanah (2010)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/568596 Nasr bin Muzahim (1996)]
* [http://noo.rs/aK1y8 Vaez-Zadeh Khorasani (1986)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1638743 Hedayatpanah (2010)]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/521665 Vieu (1996)]
*[http://noo.rs/aK1y8 Vaez-Zadeh Khorasani (1986)]
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/521665 Vieu (1996)]
 
==Source==
==Source==
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=4167120&pageStatus=0&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Shiite Mourning Encyclopedia, Mohsen Hesam Mazaheri (First Edition: 2016)]
 
*[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=4167120&pageStatus=0&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Shiite Mourning Encyclopedia, Mohsen Hesam Mazaheri (First Edition: 2016)]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3B%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3B_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm2: Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala']
*[http://alhassanain.org/SECRETS%20BEHIND%20VISITING%20KARBALA/secrets_behind_visiting_karbala_html/secrets_behind_visiting_karbala.htm Tawhidi, SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA]
 
== References ==
checkuser
2,363

edits

Navigation menu