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Fatima: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Fatimaa.png|thumbnail|Arabic calligraphy with the name of Fatima, Prophet Muhammad's daughter]] | [[File:Fatimaa.png|thumbnail|Arabic calligraphy with the name of Fatima, Prophet Muhammad's daughter]] | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
[[File:Fatima's House.jpg|thumbnail|An infrequent picture of Fatima's house in Medina,1982]] | |||
Fatima was probably the youngest daughter of [[Muhammad]] and his first wife, [[Khadija]], the only daughter to live long enough to bear numerous offspring. Her date of birth is variously given as between five years before and two years after the beginning of the Prophet’s mission. <ref>Lammens, pp. 8-14.</ref> She was particularly close to her father and is said to have followed him to Medina shortly after his emigration (hejra). Although there is disagreement over details, she became the wife of the Imam [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|ʿAli b. Abi Taleb]] while still an adolescent, probably in 2/623-24. Muhammad arranged this marriage in obedience to divine will, having already rejected requests for her hand by Abu Bakr, ʿOmar, and probably the very wealthy ʿAbd-al-Rahman b. ʿAwf. <ref>Ibn Saʿd, pp. 11-20; Ibn Rostam, p. 12.</ref> | Fatima was probably the youngest daughter of [[Muhammad]] and his first wife, [[Khadija]], the only daughter to live long enough to bear numerous offspring. Her date of birth is variously given as between five years before and two years after the beginning of the Prophet’s mission. <ref>Lammens, pp. 8-14.</ref> She was particularly close to her father and is said to have followed him to Medina shortly after his emigration (hejra). Although there is disagreement over details, she became the wife of the Imam [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|ʿAli b. Abi Taleb]] while still an adolescent, probably in 2/623-24. Muhammad arranged this marriage in obedience to divine will, having already rejected requests for her hand by Abu Bakr, ʿOmar, and probably the very wealthy ʿAbd-al-Rahman b. ʿAwf. <ref>Ibn Saʿd, pp. 11-20; Ibn Rostam, p. 12.</ref> | ||
Before the occupation of the prosperous oasis of Khaybar ʿAli and Fatima were poor. As long as she lived Fatima was ʿAli’s only wife and bore him five children: [[Hasan]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]], Muhassen (or Muhsen, dead at very young age), Omm Kulthum, and [[Zaynab]]. She was apparently much affected by her father’s death and died of illness in Medina a few months later, in 11/633. Reports on her death, her burial, and the exact place of her grave are contradictory. <ref>Yaʿqūbī, Taʾrīḵ II, pp. 128-30; Tabari, III, pp. 2436 ff.; Masʿūdī, Morūj VI, p. 165.</ref> Today three sites in Medina are visited as her burial place. | |||
==Political Involvement== | ==Political Involvement== | ||
She seems to have performed only three acts of political significance, each recorded in almost all sources, both [[Sunni]] and [[Shiʿa|Shiʿite]], though in different versions. First, after the conquest of Mecca she refused her protection to [[Abu Sufyan]]; second, after the death of the Prophet she courageously defended ʿAli’s cause, fiercely opposed the election of Abu Bakr, and had violent disputes with him and particularly with ʿOmar; third, she laid claim to the property rights of her father and challenged Abu Bakr’s categorical refusal to cede them, particularly Fadak and a share in the produce of Khaybar. | She seems to have performed only three acts of political significance, each recorded in almost all sources, both [[Sunni]] and [[Shiʿa|Shiʿite]], though in different versions. First, after the conquest of Mecca she refused her protection to [[Abu Sufyan]]; second, after the death of the Prophet she courageously defended ʿAli’s cause, fiercely opposed the election of Abu Bakr, and had violent disputes with him and particularly with ʿOmar; third, she laid claim to the property rights of her father and challenged Abu Bakr’s categorical refusal to cede them, particularly Fadak and a share in the produce of Khaybar. | ||