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Jaʿfar al-Sadiq: Difference between revisions
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Jaʿfar al-Sadiq is also recorded as having taught with, or studied under Abu Hanifa and Malek b. Anas, two of the eponyms of the Sunni legal schools (the [[Hanafiya]] and the [[Malekiya]] respectively). More is recorded concerning the relationship between Abu Hanifa and Jaʿfar al-Sadiq. Shiʿite sources portray Jaʿfar al-Sadiq as consistently humbling Abu Hanifa, pointing out defects in his reasoning and his incompetence in legal argument.<ref>see, e.g., Ebn Babawayh, ʿElal al-Shariʿa I, p. 86</ref> They clearly arose out of a Shiʿi-Sunni (and more specifically Shiʿi-Hanafi) polemic, though they may reflect the character of the relationship between the two jurists. | Jaʿfar al-Sadiq is also recorded as having taught with, or studied under Abu Hanifa and Malek b. Anas, two of the eponyms of the Sunni legal schools (the [[Hanafiya]] and the [[Malekiya]] respectively). More is recorded concerning the relationship between Abu Hanifa and Jaʿfar al-Sadiq. Shiʿite sources portray Jaʿfar al-Sadiq as consistently humbling Abu Hanifa, pointing out defects in his reasoning and his incompetence in legal argument.<ref>see, e.g., Ebn Babawayh, ʿElal al-Shariʿa I, p. 86</ref> They clearly arose out of a Shiʿi-Sunni (and more specifically Shiʿi-Hanafi) polemic, though they may reflect the character of the relationship between the two jurists. | ||
===Death and Succession=== | ===Death and Succession=== | ||
According to most sources, Jaʿfar al-Sadiq died in 148/765 <ref>e.g., Masʿudi, IV, pp. 132-33</ref>, supposedly poisoned by the ʿAbbasid caliph al-Mansur. He had designated Abu Muhammad Esmaʿil (q.v.), his eldest son by his first wife, Fatima, as the next imam, but Esmaʿil had predeceased him. Some claimed that Esmaʿil had not died, but was in hiding; others claimed that Esmaʿil’s son, Muhammad, should be the next imam. Both of these groups went on to form the [[Ismaʿiliyah]] (q.v.) Shiʿite.<ref>Daftary, pp. 93-99</ref> Others claimed that after Esmaʿil, Jaʿfar al-Sadiq had designated his second eldest son ʿAbd-Allah al-Aftaḥ as the next imam. The majority, though, supported the imamate of Musa al-Kazem, son of Hamida (or Homayda, a Berber slave) and Jaʿfar al-Sadiq, as the imam. It was this line which went to form the [[Twelver]] (imami) Shiʿite, which has predominated in Persia since the 16th century.<ref>Daftary, pp. 93-99; ʿAmeli, IV/2, p. 80</ref> | According to most sources, Jaʿfar al-Sadiq died in 148/765 <ref>e.g., Masʿudi, IV, pp. 132-33</ref>, supposedly poisoned by the ʿAbbasid caliph al-Mansur. He had designated Abu Muhammad Esmaʿil (q.v.), his eldest son by his first wife, Fatima, as the next imam, but Esmaʿil had predeceased him. Some claimed that Esmaʿil had not died, but was in hiding; others claimed that Esmaʿil’s son, Muhammad, should be the next imam. Both of these groups went on to form the [[Isma’ili|Ismaʿiliyah]] (q.v.) Shiʿite.<ref>Daftary, pp. 93-99</ref> Others claimed that after Esmaʿil, Jaʿfar al-Sadiq had designated his second eldest son ʿAbd-Allah al-Aftaḥ as the next imam. The majority, though, supported the imamate of Musa al-Kazem, son of Hamida (or Homayda, a Berber slave) and Jaʿfar al-Sadiq, as the imam. It was this line which went to form the [[Twelver]] (imami) Shiʿite, which has predominated in Persia since the 16th century.<ref>Daftary, pp. 93-99; ʿAmeli, IV/2, p. 80</ref> | ||
==Teachings== | ==Teachings== | ||
The one doctrine in which a reasonably coherent doctrine merges from Jaʿfar al-Sadiq’s statements is on the [[imamate]]. The imam for Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (as portrayed in the imami Hadith collections) is clearly not only a supreme legal authority, but also a means whereby the individual believer can gain knowledge of God. The supremacy of the imam’s knowledge is such that the individual believer need not embark on detailed theological argumentation himself, but instead should refer all disputes over theological doctrine to the imam. | The one doctrine in which a reasonably coherent doctrine merges from Jaʿfar al-Sadiq’s statements is on the [[imamate]]. The imam for Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (as portrayed in the imami Hadith collections) is clearly not only a supreme legal authority, but also a means whereby the individual believer can gain knowledge of God. The supremacy of the imam’s knowledge is such that the individual believer need not embark on detailed theological argumentation himself, but instead should refer all disputes over theological doctrine to the imam. | ||
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{{reflist|30em}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
*ʿAbd-al-ʿAziz Sayyed-al-Ahl, Jaʿfar b. Muhammad, Beirut, 1954. | *ʿAbd-al-ʿAziz Sayyed-al-Ahl, Jaʿfar b. Muhammad, Beirut, 1954. | ||
*Āḡā Bozorg Ṭehrāni, al-Ḏariʿa elā taṣānif al-šiʿa, 24 vols. in 27, Najaf and Tehran, 1936-78. | *Āḡā Bozorg Ṭehrāni, al-Ḏariʿa elā taṣānif al-šiʿa, 24 vols. in 27, Najaf and Tehran, 1936-78. | ||
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*Muhammad b. Jarir Tabari, Ketab taʾriḵ rosol wa’l-moluk, ed, M. J. de Goeje et al., 15 vols., Leiden, 1964, III/IV, pp. 2059-60; tr. by various scholars as The History of al-Tabari, 40 vols., Albany, 1985-2007, XXXIX, pp. 248-49. | *Muhammad b. Jarir Tabari, Ketab taʾriḵ rosol wa’l-moluk, ed, M. J. de Goeje et al., 15 vols., Leiden, 1964, III/IV, pp. 2059-60; tr. by various scholars as The History of al-Tabari, 40 vols., Albany, 1985-2007, XXXIX, pp. 248-49. | ||
*Aḥmad b. Abi Yaʿqub Yaʿqubi, Taʾrikò, ed. M. Th. Houtsma, 2 vols., Leiden, 1969, pp. 458-60. | *Aḥmad b. Abi Yaʿqub Yaʿqubi, Taʾrikò, ed. M. Th. Houtsma, 2 vols., Leiden, 1969, pp. 458-60. | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jafar-al-sadeq-i-life Encyclopaedia Iranica - entry of jafar al-sadeq-i-life] | *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jafar-al-sadeq-i-life Encyclopaedia Iranica - entry of jafar al-sadeq-i-life] | ||
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jafar-al-sadeq-ii-teachings Encyclopaedia Iranica - entry of jafar-al-sadeq-ii-teachings] | *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jafar-al-sadeq-ii-teachings Encyclopaedia Iranica - entry of jafar-al-sadeq-ii-teachings] | ||
[[Category:Individuals]] | [[Category:Individuals]] | ||
[[Category:Historical Character]] | [[Category:Historical Character]] | ||