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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* al-Ashʿari, Maḳālāt al-Islāmiyyīn, ed. H. Ritter, Istanbul 1929-33, 44 f., 226 f.: al-Mufid, Awāʾil almaḳālāt, | |||
* Tabrīz 1371, 29 f., 35, 111 | *al-Ashʿari, Maḳālāt al-Islāmiyyīn, ed. H. Ritter, Istanbul 1929-33, 44 f., 226 f.: al-Mufid, Awāʾil almaḳālāt, | ||
* idem, Taṣḥīḥ al-iʿtiḳād, Tabrīz 1371, 60-2 | *Tabrīz 1371, 29 f., 35, 111 | ||
* al-S̲h̲arīf al-Murtaḍā, Tanzīh al-anbiyāʾ, al-Nad̲j̲af n.d. | *idem, Taṣḥīḥ al-iʿtiḳād, Tabrīz 1371, 60-2 | ||
* W. M. Miller (trans.), Al-Bâbu ’l-Hâdî ʿAs̲h̲ar... by... Ibnu ’l-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillî, London 1928, 64-8 | *al-S̲h̲arīf al-Murtaḍā, Tanzīh al-anbiyāʾ, al-Nad̲j̲af n.d. | ||
* al-Mad̲j̲lisī, Biḥār al-anwār, Tabrīz 1303-5, vi, 268-99, vii, 228-33, 265 | *W. M. Miller (trans.), Al-Bâbu ’l-Hâdî ʿAs̲h̲ar... by... Ibnu ’l-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillî, London 1928, 64-8 | ||
* al-Ḵh̲ayyāṭ, al-Intiṣār, ed. H. S. Nyberg, Cairo 1925, 93-6 | *al-Mad̲j̲lisī, Biḥār al-anwār, Tabrīz 1303-5, vi, 268-99, vii, 228-33, 265 | ||
* ʿAbd al-D̲j̲abbār al-Asadābādī, al-Mug̲h̲nī, xvi, ed. M. al-Ḵh̲uḍayrī and M. M. Ḳāsim, Cairo 1965, | *al-Ḵh̲ayyāṭ, al-Intiṣār, ed. H. S. Nyberg, Cairo 1925, 93-6 | ||
* 279-316 | *ʿAbd al-D̲j̲abbār al-Asadābādī, al-Mug̲h̲nī, xvi, ed. M. al-Ḵh̲uḍayrī and M. M. Ḳāsim, Cairo 1965, | ||
* Ibn Ḥazm, al-Fiṣal fi ’l-milal wa ’l-niḥal, Cairo 1317-21, iv, 1-35 | *279-316 | ||
* Bag̲h̲dādī, Farḳ, 210 | *Ibn Ḥazm, al-Fiṣal fi ’l-milal wa ’l-niḥal, Cairo 1317-21, iv, 1-35 | ||
* idem, Uṣūl al-dīn, Istanbul 1928, 167-9 | *Bag̲h̲dādī, Farḳ, 210 | ||
* al-Ḏj̲uwaynī, al-Irs̲h̲ād, ed. M. Y. Mūsā and ʿA. ʿA. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Cairo 1950, 356 f. | *idem, Uṣūl al-dīn, Istanbul 1928, 167-9 | ||
* al-Ḳāḍī ¶ ʿIyāḍ, al-S̲h̲ifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuḳūḳ al-Muṣṭafā, Cairo 1329, ii, 79-157 | *al-Ḏj̲uwaynī, al-Irs̲h̲ād, ed. M. Y. Mūsā and ʿA. ʿA. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Cairo 1950, 356 f. | ||
* al-Rāzī, al-Arbaʿīn fī uṣūl al-dīn, Hyderabad 1353, 329-68 | *al-Ḳāḍī ¶ ʿIyāḍ, al-S̲h̲ifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuḳūḳ al-Muṣṭafā, Cairo 1329, ii, 79-157 | ||
* ʿIsma — Brill 5/4/19, 1(31 PM | *al-Rāzī, al-Arbaʿīn fī uṣūl al-dīn, Hyderabad 1353, 329-68 | ||
* https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Page 5 of 6 | *ʿIsma — Brill 5/4/19, 1(31 PM | ||
* al-Subkī, Ṭabaḳāt al-S̲h̲āfiʿiyya al-kubrā, Cairo n.d., ii, 268 | *[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition Page 5 of 6] | ||
* al-Īd̲j̲ī, al-Mawāḳif, ed. Th. Soerensen, Leipzig 1848, 218-38 | *al-Subkī, Ṭabaḳāt al-S̲h̲āfiʿiyya al-kubrā, Cairo n.d., ii, 268 | ||
* al-Bazdawī, Uṣūl al-dīn, ed. H. P. Linss, Cairo 1963, 167-72 | *al-Īd̲j̲ī, al-Mawāḳif, ed. Th. Soerensen, Leipzig 1848, 218-38 | ||
* Ibn Baṭṭa, al-S̲h̲arḥ wa ’l-ibāna ʿalā uṣūl al-sunna wa ’l-diyāna, ed. H. Laoust, Damascus 1958, 63, | *al-Bazdawī, Uṣūl al-dīn, ed. H. P. Linss, Cairo 1963, 167-72 | ||
* trans. 120 | *Ibn Baṭṭa, al-S̲h̲arḥ wa ’l-ibāna ʿalā uṣūl al-sunna wa ’l-diyāna, ed. H. Laoust, Damascus 1958, 63, | ||
* al-Kalābād̲h̲ī, al-Taʿarruf li-mad̲h̲hab ahl al-taṣawwuf, ed. A. J. Arberry, Cairo 1933, 43 f | *trans. 120 | ||
* Goldziher, Vorlesungen, 220-5 | *al-Kalābād̲h̲ī, al-Taʿarruf li-mad̲h̲hab ahl al-taṣawwuf, ed. A. J. Arberry, Cairo 1933, 43 f | ||
* idem, Aus der Theologie des Fachr al-dīn al-Rāzī, in Isl., iii (1912), 238-45 | *Goldziher, Vorlesungen, 220-5 | ||
* T. Andrae, Die Person Muhammeds in Lehre und Glauben seiner Gemeinde, Stockholm 1918, 124- | *idem, Aus der Theologie des Fachr al-dīn al-Rāzī, in Isl., iii (1912), 238-45 | ||
* 74 | *T. Andrae, Die Person Muhammeds in Lehre und Glauben seiner Gemeinde, Stockholm 1918, 124- | ||
* D. M. Donaldson, The Shiʿite religion, London 1933, 320-38 | *74 | ||
* H. Laoust, Essai sur les doctrines sociales et politiques de Taḳī-d-Dīn Aḥmad b. Taymiyya, Cairo | *D. M. Donaldson, The Shiʿite religion, London 1933, 320-38 | ||
* 1939, 186-94. | *H. Laoust, Essai sur les doctrines sociales et politiques de Taḳī-d-Dīn Aḥmad b. Taymiyya, Cairo | ||
* Add to the references given in the preceding section: Goldziher, in Der Islam, iii, 238-45 | *1939, 186-94. | ||
* Manār, v, 12-21, 87-93 | *Add to the references given in the preceding section: Goldziher, in Der Islam, iii, 238-45 | ||
* ʿIsma — Brill 5/4/19, 1(31 PM | *Manār, v, 12-21, 87-93 | ||
* https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Page 6 of 6 | *ʿIsma — Brill 5/4/19, 1(31 PM | ||
* S̲h̲āhrastānī, in the margin of Ibn Ḥazm, i, 151 | *[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Page 6 of 6] | ||
* G. Hourani, The basis of authority of consensus in sunnite Islam, in St. Isl., xxi (1954), 43 f., 49 f. | *S̲h̲āhrastānī, in the margin of Ibn Ḥazm, i, 151 | ||
* Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn, Muḳaddima, Beirut 1900, 196, 452 f. | *G. Hourani, The basis of authority of consensus in sunnite Islam, in St. Isl., xxi (1954), 43 f., 49 f. | ||
* E. Tyan, Institutions du dr. pupl. mus., ii, Paris 1957, 393 f. | *Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn, Muḳaddima, Beirut 1900, 196, 452 f. | ||
*E. Tyan, Institutions du dr. pupl. mus., ii, Paris 1957, 393 f. | |||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
* [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition] | |||
*[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/isma-SIM_3643?lang=en Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition] | |||
[[Category:Islamic Terminologies]] | [[Category:Islamic Terminologies]] | ||
[[Category:Concepts and Beliefs]] | [[Category:Concepts and Beliefs]] | ||