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'''Du’l-Janah''' is Imam Husayn’s winged horse, known from popular literature and rituals. According to popular literature, Du’l-Janah returned to the tents of the [[Ahl-e Bayt]] after [[Imam Husayn]]’s [[martyrdom]] to convey the news of this tragedy. Du’l-Janah, feeding the Artists’ imagination, plays an important role in [[ | '''Du’l-Janah''' is Imam Husayn’s winged horse, known from popular literature and rituals. According to popular literature, Du’l-Janah returned to the tents of the [[Ahl-e Bayt]] after [[Imam Husayn]]’s [[martyrdom]] to convey the news of this tragedy. Du’l-Janah, feeding the Artists’ imagination, plays an important role in [[Ta'ziya]] and other [[Ashurai arts]]. | ||
==Du’l-Janah in Maqatel== | ==Du’l-Janah in Maqatel== | ||
Du’l-Janah was mentioned in medieval narratives of Husayn’s [[martyrdom]] at [[Karbala]] ([[maqatel]]), for example, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ibn-atham-al-kufi-COM_30716 Ibn Aʿtham Kufi]’s 9th-century Ketab al-fotuh and al-Lohuf by Ibn Taʾus Taʾusi (d. 664/1266), which became sources for later Turkish and Persian [[maqtal-namas]]. In al-Lohuf the horse, unnamed but said to be descended from the Prophet [[Muhammad]]’s mount, is supposed to have dipped its head in its master’s blood and attacked the enemy. It then returned, smeared with Husayn’s blood, to the tents of the [[Ahl-e Bayt]]. As it approached, Husayn’s infant daughter [[Sukayna]] began to cry, joined by the other women in the family (pp. 98-99; cf. Calmard, p. 120). The Turkish Dastan-e maqatel-e Husayn (763/1362) by Shadi Maddah contains a similar account but includes the name Du’l-Janah (Mélikoff, p. 142; Calmard, pp. 225-26). Husayn Waʿez Kashefi, in [[Rawzat al-Shuhada]] (comp. 908/1502), recounted a detailed story, partly based on Ibn Aʿtham’s text, in which Du’l-Janah, instead of behaving aggressively, weeps (p. 363; cf. Calmard, p. 396; Ebn Aʿtam, tr., pp. 538-39). According to various traditions, Du’l-Janah eventually killed itself or disappeared into the desert (Waʿez Kashefi, p. 349). | Du’l-Janah was mentioned in medieval narratives of Husayn’s [[martyrdom]] at [[Karbala]] ([[maqatel]]), for example, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ibn-atham-al-kufi-COM_30716 Ibn Aʿtham Kufi]’s 9th-century Ketab al-fotuh and al-Lohuf by Ibn Taʾus Taʾusi (d. 664/1266), which became sources for later Turkish and Persian [[maqtal-namas]]. In al-Lohuf the horse, unnamed but said to be descended from the Prophet [[Muhammad]]’s mount, is supposed to have dipped its head in its master’s blood and attacked the enemy. It then returned, smeared with Husayn’s blood, to the tents of the [[Ahl-e Bayt]]. As it approached, Husayn’s infant daughter [[Sukayna]] began to cry, joined by the other women in the family (pp. 98-99; cf. Calmard, p. 120). The Turkish Dastan-e maqatel-e Husayn (763/1362) by Shadi Maddah contains a similar account but includes the name Du’l-Janah (Mélikoff, p. 142; Calmard, pp. 225-26). Husayn Waʿez Kashefi, in [[Rawzat al-Shuhada]] (comp. 908/1502), recounted a detailed story, partly based on Ibn Aʿtham’s text, in which Du’l-Janah, instead of behaving aggressively, weeps (p. 363; cf. Calmard, p. 396; Ebn Aʿtam, tr., pp. 538-39). According to various traditions, Du’l-Janah eventually killed itself or disappeared into the desert (Waʿez Kashefi, p. 349). | ||