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Ta'ziya: Difference between revisions
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T.ramezani (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Ta'ziya''' is an Islamic Shi'ite ritual performed mainly in Iran. The Arabic term ta'ziya (Per., Ta'ziyeh) means to mourn or to offer one's condolences for a death. It is a...") |
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Following the fall of the Qajar dynasty in the early twentieth century, the ta'ziya slowly declined until it was mostly abandoned in the large cities in the 1930s and 1940s. However, ta'ziyas have continued to exist in Iran on a smaller scale throughout the twentieth century, especially in traditional sectors. There were two reasons for this relative decline. The first Pahlavi king, [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Reza-Shah-Pahlavi Reza Shah], outlawed the ta’ziya. More importantly, as Iranian society changed modernized elites became less interested in sponsoring such traditional ritual events. Scholars of literature and drama as well as government agencies attempted to preserve this theatrical tradition in the 1970s, and again in the 1980s and 1990s. However, unlike the Qajar period, which was the heyday of the taʻziya ritual, the dominant public rituals since the 1930s have been the [[Muharram]] processions, and various forms of the rawza khani. | Following the fall of the Qajar dynasty in the early twentieth century, the ta'ziya slowly declined until it was mostly abandoned in the large cities in the 1930s and 1940s. However, ta'ziyas have continued to exist in Iran on a smaller scale throughout the twentieth century, especially in traditional sectors. There were two reasons for this relative decline. The first Pahlavi king, [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Reza-Shah-Pahlavi Reza Shah], outlawed the ta’ziya. More importantly, as Iranian society changed modernized elites became less interested in sponsoring such traditional ritual events. Scholars of literature and drama as well as government agencies attempted to preserve this theatrical tradition in the 1970s, and again in the 1980s and 1990s. However, unlike the Qajar period, which was the heyday of the taʻziya ritual, the dominant public rituals since the 1930s have been the [[Muharram]] processions, and various forms of the rawza khani. | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* | *Chelkowski, Peter, ed. Ta'ziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran. New York: New York University Press, 1979. | ||
* In A Mixed Blessing: Gender and Religious Fundamentalisin Cross Culturally. Edited by Judy Brink and Joan Mencher. New York and London: Routledge, 1997. | *Hegland, Mary Elaine. “The Majales-Shiʻa Women's Rituals of Mourning in Northwest Pakistan.” | ||
*In A Mixed Blessing: Gender and Religious Fundamentalisin Cross Culturally. Edited by Judy Brink and Joan Mencher. New York and London: Routledge, 1997. | |||
* Pelly, Sir Lewis. “The Miracle Play of Hasan and Husayn.” Collected from Oral Traditions. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1879. | *Pelly, Sir Lewis. “The Miracle Play of Hasan and Husayn.” Collected from Oral Traditions. London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1879. | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
* [Kamran Aghaie (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World. Edited by Richard C. Martin. USA: Macmillan; P: 691. ISBN 0-02-865912-0 | |||
*[https://books.google.com/books/about/Encyclopedia_of_Islam_and_the_Muslim_Wor.html?id=TTUOAQAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description Kamran Aghaie (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World. Edited by Richard C. Martin. USA: Macmillan; P: 691.] ISBN 0-02-865912-0 | |||
[[Category: Shi’i Ritual]] | [[Category: Shi’i Ritual]] | ||
[[Category: Performing Art]] | [[Category: Performing Art]] | ||
[[Category: Ritual Dramatic Art]] | [[Category: Ritual Dramatic Art]] | ||