Thulium, 69Tm |
General properties |
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Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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Appearance | silvery gray |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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Thulium in the periodic table |
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Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
Atomic number (Z) | 69 |
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Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | f-block |
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Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 9.32 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.56 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 16.84 kJ/mol |
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[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 191 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 27.03 J/(mol·K) |
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[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.25 |
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[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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Covalent radius | 190±10 pm |
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Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
Other properties |
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Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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Thermal expansion | poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
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Thermal conductivity | 16.9 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | poly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic (at 300 K) |
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Magnetic susceptibility | +25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)[1] |
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Young's modulus | 74.0 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 30.5 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 44.5 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.213 |
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Vickers hardness | 470–650 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 470–900 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-30-4 |
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History |
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Naming | after Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia |
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Discovery and first isolation | Per Teodor Cleve (1879) |
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Main isotopes of thulium |
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Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.