Ytterbium, 70Yb |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Appearance | silvery white; with a pale yellow tint[1] |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Ytterbium in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 70 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 6 |
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| Block | f-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1097 K (824 °C, 1515 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 1469 K (1196 °C, 2185 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 6.90 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.21 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 7.66 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 129 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.74 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.1 (?) |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 603.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 187±8 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 1590 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | β, poly: 26.3 µm/(m·K) (r.t.) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 38.5 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | β, poly: 0.250 µΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | +249.0·10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)[2] |
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| Young's modulus | β form: 23.9 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | β form: 9.9 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | β form: 30.5 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | β form: 0.207 |
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| Vickers hardness | 205–250 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 340–440 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-64-4 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined |
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| Discovery | Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878) |
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| First isolation | Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906) |
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| Main isotopes of ytterbium |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
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