Yttrium, 39Y |
General properties |
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Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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Yttrium in the periodic table |
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Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
Atomic number (Z) | 39 |
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Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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Period | period 5 |
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Block | d-block |
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Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 4.472 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 4.24 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 11.42 kJ/mol |
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[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 363 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 26.53 J/(mol·K) |
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[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.22 |
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[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 600 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 180 pm |
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Covalent radius | 190±7 pm |
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Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
Other properties |
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Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 3300 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | α, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
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Thermal conductivity | 17.2 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | α, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[1] |
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Magnetic susceptibility | +2.15·10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)[2] |
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Young's modulus | 63.5 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 25.6 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 41.2 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.243 |
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Brinell hardness | 200–589 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-65-5 |
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History |
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Naming | after Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite) |
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Discovery | Johan Gadolin (1794) |
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First isolation | Heinrich Rose (1843) |
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Main isotopes of yttrium |
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Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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