Tungsten, 74 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Alternative name wolfram, pronounced: Template:IPAc-en (Template:Respell ) Appearance grayish white, lustrous Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Tungsten in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 74 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 6 Block d-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f14 5d4 6s2 [1] Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F) Boiling point 6203 K (5930 °C, 10706 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 19.3 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 17.6 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 52.31 kJ/mol [2] [3] [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] 774 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 24.27 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.36 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 770 kJ/mol 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 139 pm Covalent radius 162±7 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Speed of sound thin rod 4620 m/s (at r.t. ) (annealed) Thermal expansion 4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 173 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [4] Magnetic susceptibility +59.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (298 K)[5] Young's modulus 411 GPa Shear modulus 161 GPa Bulk modulus 310 GPa Poisson ratio 0.28 Mohs hardness 7.5 Vickers hardness 3430–4600 MPa Brinell hardness 2000–4000 MPa CAS Number 7440-33-7 History Discovery Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781) First isolation Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783) Named by Torbern Bergman (1781) Main isotopes of tungsten Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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