Template:Infobox tungsten

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Tungsten,  74W
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt
General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Alternative namewolfram, pronounced: Template:IPAc-en (Template:Respell)
Appearancegrayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Tungsten in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)74
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 6
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[1]
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
Boiling point6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10706 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.3 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion52.31 kJ/mol[2][3]
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 770 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[4]
Magnetic susceptibility+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs hardness7.5
Vickers hardness3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number7440-33-7
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolationJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named byTorbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
Template:Infobox element/isotopes table
| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

  1. Template:Citeweb
  2. Template:CRC90
  3. Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42. arXiv:1703.06302. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.
  4. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.