Template:Infobox chromium

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Chromium,  24Cr
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt
General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancesilvery metallic
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Chromium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)24
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 4
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2180 K ​(1907 °C, ​3465 °F)
Boiling point2944 K ​(2671 °C, ​4840 °F)
Density (near r.t.)7.19 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)6.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion21.0 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]347 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity23.35 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.66
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 652.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1590.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2987 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius139±5 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod5940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion4.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity93.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity125 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingantiferromagnetic (rather: SDW)[1]
Magnetic susceptibility+280.0·10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)[2]
Young's modulus279 GPa
Shear modulus115 GPa
Bulk modulus160 GPa
Poisson ratio0.21
Mohs hardness8.5
Vickers hardness1060 MPa
Brinell hardness687–6500 MPa
CAS Number7440-47-3
History
Discovery and first isolationLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1794, 1797)
Main isotopes of chromium
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| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

  1. Fawcett, Eric (1988). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60: 209. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..209F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209.
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.