Template:Infobox magnesium

Magnesium,  ₁₂Mg

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	shiny grey solid
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Magnesium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	12
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 3
Block	s-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	923 K ​(650 °C, ​1202 °F)
Boiling point	1363 K ​(1091 °C, ​1994 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	1.738 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.584 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	8.48 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	128 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.869 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.31
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	141±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	173 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	24.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	156 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	43.9 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+13.1·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	45 GPa
Shear modulus	17 GPa
Bulk modulus	35.4 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.290
Mohs hardness	1–2.5
Brinell hardness	44–260 MPa
CAS Number	7439-95-4
History
Naming	after Magnesia, Greece
Discovery	Joseph Black (1755)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of magnesium
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