Neodymium, 60 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Neodymium in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 60 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 6 Block f-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f4 6s2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1297 K (1024 °C, 1875 °F) Boiling point 3347 K (3074 °C, 5565 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 7.01 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.89 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 7.14 kJ/mol [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] 289 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 27.45 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.14 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 533.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1040 kJ/mol 3rd: 2130 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 181 pm Covalent radius 201±6 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Speed of sound thin rod 2330 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion α, poly: 9.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 16.5 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity α, poly: 643 nΩ·m Magnetic ordering paramagnetic , antiferromagnetic below 20 K[1] Magnetic susceptibility +5628.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (287.7 K)[2] Young's modulus α form: 41.4 GPa Shear modulus α form: 16.3 GPa Bulk modulus α form: 31.8 GPa Poisson ratio α form: 0.281 Vickers hardness 345–745 MPa Brinell hardness 265–700 MPa CAS Number 7440-00-8 History Discovery Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885) Main isotopes of neodymium Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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↑ Gschneidner, K. A.; Eyring, L. (1978). Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths . Amsterdam: North Holland. ISBN 0444850228 ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 