Template:Infobox scandium

Scandium,  ₂₁Sc

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Scandium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	21
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1814 K ​(1541 °C, ​2806 °F)
Boiling point	3109 K ​(2836 °C, ​5136 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	2.985 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14.1 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.36
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 633.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 162 pm
Covalent radius	170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius	211 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Thermal expansion	α, poly: 10.2 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	15.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 562 nΩ·m (at r.t., calculated)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+315.0·10−6 cm3/mol (292 K)
Young's modulus	74.4 GPa
Shear modulus	29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus	56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.279
Brinell hardness	736–1200 MPa
CAS Number	7440-20-2
History
Naming	after Scandinavia
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Discovery and first isolation	Lars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Main isotopes of scandium
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