Template:Infobox sulfur

Sulfur,  ₁₆S

Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Alternative name	sulphur (British spelling)
Appearance	lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Sulfur in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	16
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 3
Block	p-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	388.36 K ​(115.21 °C, ​239.38 °F)
Boiling point	717.8 K ​(444.6 °C, ​832.3 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	alpha: 2.07 g/cm3 beta: 1.96 g/cm3 gamma: 1.92 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.819 g/cm3
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	mono: 1.727 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	mono: 45 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	22.75 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.58
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 999.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Thermal conductivity	0.205 W/(m·K) (amorphous)
Electrical resistivity	2×1015  Ω·m (at 20 °C) (amorphous)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	(α) −15.5·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS Number	7704-34-9
History
Discovery	Chinese (before 2000 BCE)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of sulfur
Template:Infobox element/isotopes table

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

• <ref name="magnet" /> for the source edited by Lide.