Template:Infobox gold

Gold,  ₇₉Au

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	metallic yellow
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Gold in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	79
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point	3243 K ​(2970 °C, ​5378 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.30 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	342 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 890.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−28.0·10−6 cm3/mol (at 296 K)
Tensile strength	120 MPa
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.4
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	188–216 MPa
Brinell hardness	188–245 MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
History
Naming	from Latin aurum, meaning gold
Discovery	In the Middle East (before 6000 BCE)
Main isotopes of gold
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