Template:Infobox ruthenium

Ruthenium,  44Ru
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General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancesilvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Ruthenium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)44
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 5
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Melting point2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Boiling point4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion38.59 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]619 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.06 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.2
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius146±7 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[1]
Magnetic susceptibility+43.2·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[2]
Young's modulus447 GPa
Shear modulus173 GPa
Bulk modulus220 GPa
Poisson ratio0.30
Mohs hardness6.5
Brinell hardness2160 MPa
CAS Number7440-18-8
History
Namingafter Ruthenia (Latin for: medieval Kyivska Rus' region)
Discovery and first isolationKarl Ernst Claus (1844)
Main isotopes of ruthenium
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| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  3. "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.