Template:Infobox potassium

Potassium,  19K
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General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancesilvery gray
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Potassium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)19
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 4
Blocks-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Ar] 4s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point336.7 K ​(63.5 °C, ​146.3 °F)
Boiling point1032 K ​(759 °C, ​1398 °F)
Density (near r.t.)0.862 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)0.828 g/cm3
Critical point2223 K, 16 MPa[1]
Heat of fusion2.33 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]76.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity29.6 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 0.82
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 418.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3052 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4420 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 227 pm
Covalent radius203±12 pm
Van der Waals radius275 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod2000 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion83.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity102.5 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity72 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[2]
Magnetic susceptibility+20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[3]
Young's modulus3.53 GPa
Shear modulus1.3 GPa
Bulk modulus3.1 GPa
Mohs hardness0.4
Brinell hardness0.363 MPa
CAS Number7440-09-7
History
Discovery and first isolationHumphry Davy (1807)
Main isotopes of potassium
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| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2016" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})

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  1. Template:RubberBible92nd
  2. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Template:RubberBible86th
  3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.