Template:Infobox gold

Gold,  79Au
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General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancemetallic yellow
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Gold in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)79
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 6
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point3243 K ​(2970 °C, ​5378 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.30 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion12.55 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]342 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.418 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.54
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius166 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity22.14 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[1]
Magnetic susceptibility−28.0·10−6 cm3/mol (at 296 K)[2]
Tensile strength120 MPa
Young's modulus79 GPa
Shear modulus27 GPa
Bulk modulus180 GPa[3]
Poisson ratio0.4
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness188–216 MPa
Brinell hardness188–245 MPa
CAS Number7440-57-5
History
Namingfrom Latin aurum, meaning gold
DiscoveryIn the Middle East (before 6000 BCE)
Main isotopes of gold
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| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  3. Kelly, P. F. (2015). Properties of Materials. CRC Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-4822-0624-1.