Template:Infobox copper

Copper,  29Cu
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General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancered-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Copper in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)29
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 4
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1357.77 K ​(1084.62 °C, ​1984.32 °F)
Boiling point2835 K ​(2562 °C, ​4643 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.96 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion13.26 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.440 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 745.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius140 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod(annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity401 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity16.78 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[1]
Magnetic susceptibility−5.46·10−6 cm3/mol[2]
Young's modulus110–128 GPa
Shear modulus48 GPa
Bulk modulus140 GPa
Poisson ratio0.34
Mohs hardness3.0
Vickers hardness343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness235–878 MPa
CAS Number7440-50-8
History
Namingafter Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
DiscoveryMiddle East (9000 BC)
Main isotopes of copper
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| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.