Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi: Difference between revisions
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| resting_place =[[Karbala]], [[Iraq]] | | resting_place =[[Karbala]], [[Iraq]] | ||
|Activities=Preventing [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Al-Hussain]] from going to [[Kufa]] and from returning to Medina, Repenting in the day of [[Ashura]] and joining Imam al-Hussain}} | |Activities=Preventing [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Al-Hussain]] from going to [[Kufa]] and from returning to Medina, Repenting in the day of [[Ashura]] and joining Imam al-Hussain}} | ||
'''Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi''' (d. 61/ 680), a leading tribesman in [[Kufa]], who obeyed the orders of [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|ʿUbayd-Allah b. Ziad]] | '''Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi''' (d. 61/ 680), a leading tribesman in [[Kufa]], who obeyed the orders of [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|ʿUbayd-Allah b. Ziad]] and intercepted [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain b. ʿAli]] and his party and led them to [[Karbala]]. Later he repented and fought on Hussain’s side which led to Horr’s [[martyrdom]] on the 10th of [[Muharram]], [[Ashura]]. He is regarded as the symbol of hope in repentance which ensures his salvation. | ||
==Encounter with Imam Hussain== | ==Encounter with Imam Hussain== | ||
[[File:Hurr 1.jpg|thumbnail|Horr's reputation by Kazem Chalipa, an Iranian contemporary artist.]] | [[File:Hurr 1.jpg|thumbnail|Horr's reputation by Kazem Chalipa, an Iranian contemporary artist.]] | ||
The first meeting between Horr and Imam Hussain was not hostile. However, Horr pressed upon Hussain to change his course and follow him, even after the latter had informed him of the letters of support, he had received from the Kufans, towards whom his party was heading. Horr further obeyed Ibn-e Ziad’s subsequent order to force the rebels to stop in a deserted area. Thus, Hussain was led to the plain of Karbala, where he was encircled by the troops dispatched by Ibn-e Ziad under the command of [[ʿOmar b. Saʿd]]. Once the latter had rejected Hussain’s final proposals and decided to fight him on the morning of [[Ashura]], 10 [[Muharram]] 61/10 October 680, Horr then repented and joined Hussain, who promised him God’s forgiveness. | The first meeting between Horr and Imam Hussain was not hostile. However, Horr pressed upon Hussain to change his course and follow him, even after the latter had informed him of the letters of support, he had received from the Kufans, towards whom his party was heading. Horr further obeyed Ibn-e Ziad’s subsequent order to force the rebels to stop in a deserted area. Thus, Hussain was led to the plain of Karbala, where he was encircled by the troops dispatched by Ibn-e Ziad under the command of [[ʿOmar b. Saʿd]]. Once the latter had rejected Hussain’s final proposals and decided to fight him on the morning of [[Ashura]], 10 [[Muharram]] 61/10 October 680, Horr then repented and joined Hussain, who promised him God’s forgiveness. | ||
== | ==Repentance on the Day of Ashura== | ||
When Horr saw that the people have resolved to kill Imam Hussain, and when he heard Imam calling out: | When Horr saw that the people have resolved to kill Imam Hussain, and when he heard Imam calling out: | ||
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“But now you have (ultimately) reached goodness.” | “But now you have (ultimately) reached goodness.” | ||
== | ==Martyrdom== | ||
[[File:Hurr 2.jpg|thumbnail|2. Horr's body was buried by his tribe -Banu Asad- in a location far from Karbala, which was called Nawawis at the time and is called "Horr's village" nowadays. ]] | [[File:Hurr 2.jpg|thumbnail|2. Horr's body was buried by his tribe -Banu Asad- in a location far from Karbala, which was called Nawawis at the time and is called "Horr's village" nowadays. ]] | ||
According to most historians, many men from Hussain’s side were killed before Horr.<ref>e.g., Ṭabari, II, p. 350; tr. I. K. A. Howard, XIX, p. 144.</ref> However, Horr’s own words when he rallied behind Hussain imply that he might have been the first to be killed at Karbala. [[Shiʿa|Shiʿite]] tradition has retained this sequence of events, apparently derived from the work of [[Shaykh al-Mofid]], who does not mention anyone having been killed before Horr, except Muslim b. ʿAwsaja.<ref>tr. Howard, 1981, pp. 356 f.</ref> In Turco-Persian [[maqtal-nama]] narratives of the drama of Karbala, which were used extensively by Kashefi for his [[Rawzat al-Shuhada]] (see Calmard, 1996, p. 155), after having killed many enemies, Horr became the first martyr of the battle. His [[martyrdom]] was followed by those of his brother, Moṣʿab b. Yazid, his son ʿAli, and the latter’s slave.<ref>Kashefi, pp. 277 ff.; see Calmard, 1975, pp. 351 ff.</ref> | According to most historians, many men from Hussain’s side were killed before Horr.<ref>e.g., Ṭabari, II, p. 350; tr. I. K. A. Howard, XIX, p. 144.</ref> However, Horr’s own words when he rallied behind Hussain imply that he might have been the first to be killed at Karbala. [[Shiʿa|Shiʿite]] tradition has retained this sequence of events, apparently derived from the work of [[Shaykh al-Mofid]], who does not mention anyone having been killed before Horr, except Muslim b. ʿAwsaja.<ref>tr. Howard, 1981, pp. 356 f.</ref> In Turco-Persian [[maqtal-nama]] narratives of the drama of Karbala, which were used extensively by Kashefi for his [[Rawzat al-Shuhada]] (see Calmard, 1996, p. 155), after having killed many enemies, Horr became the first martyr of the battle. His [[martyrdom]] was followed by those of his brother, Moṣʿab b. Yazid, his son ʿAli, and the latter’s slave.<ref>Kashefi, pp. 277 ff.; see Calmard, 1975, pp. 351 ff.</ref> | ||
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*Idem, “Shií Rituals and Power, II. The Consolidation of Safavid Shi’ism: Folklore and Popular Religion,” in C. Melville, ed., SafavidPersia, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 139-90. | *Idem, “Shií Rituals and Power, II. The Consolidation of Safavid Shi’ism: Folklore and Popular Religion,” in C. Melville, ed., SafavidPersia, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 139-90. | ||
*[[Peter J. Chelkowski|P. J. Chelkowski]], ed., Taʿziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran, New York, 1979, index. Ṣ. Homāyuni, Taʿzia dar Irān, Shiraz, 1368 Š./1989, Index. | *[[Peter J. Chelkowski|P. J. Chelkowski]], ed., [[Taziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran|Taʿziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran]], New York, 1979, index. Ṣ. Homāyuni, Taʿzia dar Irān, Shiraz, 1368 Š./1989, Index. | ||
*Hussain Wāʿeẓ Kāšefi, Rawżat al- | *Hussain Wāʿeẓ Kāšefi, [[Rawdat al-shuhada|Rawżat al-šohadā]]ʾ, ed. M. Ramażāni, Tehran, 1341 Š./1962. | ||
*M. J. Kister, “al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd,” in EI2. Šayḵ al-Mofid, al-Eršād, tr. I. K. A. Howard, Kitāb al-Iršād: The Book of Guidance in the Livesof the Twelve Imams, London, 1981, Index. | *M. J. Kister, “al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd,” in EI2. Šayḵ al-Mofid, al-Eršād, tr. I. K. A. Howard, Kitāb al-Iršād: The Book of Guidance in the Livesof the Twelve Imams, London, 1981, Index. | ||
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*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/horr-e-riahi Encyclopaedia Iranica] | *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/horr-e-riahi Encyclopaedia Iranica] | ||
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3B%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3B_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala'] | *[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3B%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3B_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala'] | ||
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}} | |||
[[Category: Karbala Martyrs]] | [[Category: Karbala Martyrs]] | ||
[[Category: Battle of Karbala]] | [[Category: Battle of Karbala]] | ||
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[[Category:Historical Characters]] | [[Category:Historical Characters]] | ||
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]] | [[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]] | ||
[[fa:حر بن یزید ریاحی]] | [[fa:حر بن یزید ریاحی]] | ||