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Arba’een: Difference between revisions
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'''Arba’een''' is a Shi’a religious observance which occurs forty days after the tragic events of [[Karbala]]. During this day, Shi’a community commemorates the [[martyrdom]] of [[Hussain ibn 'Ali]] and 72 of his followers who were killed by [[Yazid]]’s army in the Battle of Karbala in 61 A.H. (680 C.E.). | '''Arba’een''' is a Shi’a religious observance which occurs forty days after the tragic events of [[Karbala]]. During this day, Shi’a community commemorates the [[martyrdom]] of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain ibn 'Ali]] and 72 of his followers who were killed by [[Yazid]]’s army in the Battle of Karbala in 61 A.H. (680 C.E.). | ||
==Significance== | ==Significance== | ||
A day of mourning, preferably at the shrine of Imam Hussain, Arbaʿeen forms part of a cycle of days commemorating the burial of the [[Imam]] and his companions and the various stages of the return journey of the women captives to Medina. Many pious tales, which have come to form an important part of the [[Ashura]] tradition, have sprung up around this journey.<ref>M. B. Maǰlesī, Beḥār al-anwār XLV, Tehran, 1384/1964, pp. 107, 112ff., and passim.</ref> A special pilgrimage of visitation, the ziarat-e arbaʿeen, is associated with the day, which is still widely observed. | A day of mourning, preferably at the shrine of Imam Hussain, Arbaʿeen forms part of a cycle of days commemorating the burial of the [[Imam]] and his companions and the various stages of the return journey of the women captives to Medina. Many pious tales, which have come to form an important part of the [[Ashura]] tradition, have sprung up around this journey.<ref>M. B. Maǰlesī, Beḥār al-anwār XLV, Tehran, 1384/1964, pp. 107, 112ff., and passim.</ref> A special pilgrimage of visitation, the ziarat-e arbaʿeen, is associated with the day, which is still widely observed. | ||
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This tale, which is commonly taken as the basis of the ziarat-e arbaʿeen, would seem to be a pious invention, for both the observance of the day and the ziara attached to it appear to be late. No mention is made of Arbaʿeen in the earliest and most authoritative ziara collection, the Kamel al-ziarat of Ebn Qawluya.<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arbain-fortieth-day-after-asura-q d. 367/977; partly tr. in ʿA. Qomī, Kollīyāt mafātīḥ al-ǰenān, Tehran, 1379/1959, pp. 322-571.]</ref> | This tale, which is commonly taken as the basis of the ziarat-e arbaʿeen, would seem to be a pious invention, for both the observance of the day and the ziara attached to it appear to be late. No mention is made of Arbaʿeen in the earliest and most authoritative ziara collection, the Kamel al-ziarat of Ebn Qawluya.<ref>[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arbain-fortieth-day-after-asura-q d. 367/977; partly tr. in ʿA. Qomī, Kollīyāt mafātīḥ al-ǰenān, Tehran, 1379/1959, pp. 322-571.]</ref> | ||
== Ziarat-e Arba’een== | ==Ziarat-e Arba’een== | ||
Recitations form the essence of pilgrimage; it is no accident that the word ziara denotes both the act of visitation and the words recited during it, especially in Arabic . A ziara text for the day of Arba'een is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq]] and Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi has mentioned it in his Mafatih al-jinan in the third chapter with the title of “ziara of Arba'een”. The Text of Ziarat-e Arba’een is as follows: | Recitations form the essence of pilgrimage; it is no accident that the word ziara denotes both the act of visitation and the words recited during it, especially in Arabic . A ziara text for the day of Arba'een is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq]] and Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi has mentioned it in his Mafatih al-jinan in the third chapter with the title of “ziara of Arba'een”. The Text of Ziarat-e Arba’een is as follows: | ||
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{{reflist|30em}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
*ʿA.-R. Šīrāzī, Beirut, 1391/1971, V/3, pp. 373-74. | *ʿA.-R. Šīrāzī, Beirut, 1391/1971, V/3, pp. 373-74. | ||
*ʿA. Qomī, Kollīyāt mafātīḥ al-ǰenān, Tehran, 1389/1969, pp. 925-29. | *ʿA. Qomī, Kollīyāt mafātīḥ al-ǰenān, Tehran, 1389/1969, pp. 925-29. | ||
*M. B. Maǰlesī, Beḥār al-anwār CI, Tehran, 1388/1969, pp. 329-36. | *M. B. Maǰlesī, Beḥār al-anwār CI, Tehran, 1388/1969, pp. 329-36. | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arbain-fortieth-day-after-asura-q Encyclopaedia Iranica] | |||
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arbain-fortieth-day-after-asura-q Encyclopaedia Iranica] | |||
[[Category:Rituals]] | [[Category:Rituals]] | ||
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s commemoration]] | [[Category:Imam Hussain’s commemoration]] | ||