Praseodymium, 59 General properties Pronunciation Template:Infobox element/pronunciation Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight (A r, standard ) Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight Mass number Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)Praseodymium in the periodic table Template:Infobox element/periodic table Atomic number (Z ) 59 Group Template:Infobox element/group Period period 6 Block f-block Element category Template:Infobox element/category format Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f3 6s2 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F) Boiling point 3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 6.77 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.50 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 6.89 kJ/mol [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar ]] 331 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 27.20 J/(mol·K) [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure Atomic properties Oxidation states Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.13 [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] 1st: 527 kJ/mol 2nd: 1020 kJ/mol 3rd: 2086 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 182 pm Covalent radius 203±7 pm Template:Infobox element/spectral lines Other properties Crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Speed of sound thin rod 2280 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 12.5 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity α, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [1] Magnetic susceptibility +5010.0·10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[2] Young's modulus α form: 37.3 GPa Shear modulus α form: 14.8 GPa Bulk modulus α form: 28.8 GPa Poisson ratio α form: 0.281 Vickers hardness 250–745 MPa Brinell hardness 250–640 MPa CAS Number 7440-10-0 History Discovery Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885) Main isotopes of praseodymium Template:Infobox element/isotopes table | references
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↑ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF) . The IRM quarterly . 10 (3): 1. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 