Template:Infobox niobium

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Niobium,  41Nb
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt
General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancegray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Niobium in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)41
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 5
Blockd-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)
Boiling point5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion30 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.60 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.6
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius164±6 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion7.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity53.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus105 GPa
Shear modulus38 GPa
Bulk modulus170 GPa
Poisson ratio0.40
Mohs hardness6.0
Vickers hardness870–1320 MPa
Brinell hardness735–2450 MPa
CAS Number7440-03-1
History
Namingafter Niobe in Greek mythology, daughter of Tantalus (tantalum)
DiscoveryCharles Hatchett (1801)
First isolationChristian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
Recognized as a distinct element byHeinrich Rose (1844)
Main isotopes of niobium
Template:Infobox element/isotopes table
| references

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