Template:Infobox ruthenium

Ruthenium,  ₄₄Ru

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Ruthenium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	44
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Melting point	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Boiling point	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	619 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 710.2 kJ/mol 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+43.2·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
History
Naming	after Ruthenia (Latin for: medieval Kyivska Rus' region)
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Main isotopes of ruthenium
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