Cerium, 58Ce |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Cerium in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 58 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 6 |
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| Block | f-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[1] |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1068 K (795 °C, 1463 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3716 K (3443 °C, 6229 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 6.770 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.55 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 5.46 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 398 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.94 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.12 |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 534.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol
- (more)
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 181.8 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 204±9 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
β-Ce |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
γ-Ce |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 2100 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 11.3 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[2] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility | (β) +2450.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[3] |
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| Young's modulus | γ form: 33.6 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | γ form: 13.5 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | γ form: 21.5 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | γ form: 0.24 |
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| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
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| Vickers hardness | 210–470 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 186–412 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-45-1 |
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| History |
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| Naming | after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres |
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| Discovery | Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803) |
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| First isolation | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1838) |
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| Main isotopes of cerium |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
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