Template:Infobox calcium

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Calcium,  20Ca
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-alt
General properties
PronunciationTemplate:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearancedull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint[1]
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass numberTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Calcium in the periodic table
Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)20
GroupTemplate:Infobox element/group
Periodperiod 4
Blocks-block
Element categoryTemplate:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Boiling point1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)1.55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1.378 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8.54 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.929 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesTemplate:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.00
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]
  • 1st: 589.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius231 pm
Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structureTemplate:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion22.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity33.6 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility+40.0·10−6 cm3/mol[2]
Young's modulus20 GPa
Shear modulus7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus17 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs hardness1.75
Brinell hardness170–416 MPa
CAS Number7440-70-2
History
Discovery and first isolationHumphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of calcium
Template:Infobox element/isotopes table
| references

Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Two of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2016" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
  • <ref name="West" /> for the source edited by Kneck et al.

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  1. Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw
  2. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  3. Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.