Template:Infobox zinc

Zinc,  ₃₀Zn

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silver-gray
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Zinc in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	30
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format, alternatively considered a transition metal
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	692.68 K ​(419.53 °C, ​787.15 °F)
Boiling point	1180 K ​(907 °C, ​1665 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	7.14 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.32 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	115 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.470 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.65
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 906.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1733.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 3833 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	122±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	139 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	3850 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Thermal expansion	30.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	116 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	59.0 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−11.4·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	108 GPa
Shear modulus	43 GPa
Bulk modulus	70 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.25
Mohs hardness	2.5
Brinell hardness	327–412 MPa
CAS Number	7440-66-6
History
Discovery	Indian metallurgists (before 1000 BCE)
First isolation	Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1746)
Recognized as a unique metal by	Rasaratna Samuccaya (800)
Main isotopes of zinc
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