Template:Infobox tungsten

Tungsten, ₇₄W
	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Alternative name	wolfram, pronounced: Template:IPAc-en (Template:Respell)
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Tungsten in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	74
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
Boiling point	6203 K (5930 °C, 10706 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.3 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	52.31 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization\|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
	[[Vapor pressure\|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
[[Ionization energy\|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 770 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
	Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness	2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
History
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named by	Torbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
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Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

↑ Template:Citeweb
↑ Template:CRC90
↑ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42. arXiv:1703.06302. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1] Template:Citeweb

[CRC90-2] Template:CRC90

[Tolias-3] Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42. arXiv:1703.06302. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.

[4] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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