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Habib b. Muzahir: Difference between revisions
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| Activities = Participating in the Battles of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], One of Shurta al-Khamis, Inviting the tribes of [[Kufa]] to join [[Imam Hussain]] | | Activities = Participating in the Battles of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], One of Shurta al-Khamis, Inviting the tribes of [[Kufa]] to join [[Imam Hussain]] | ||
|Native name=حبیب بن مُظاهر الاسدی}}'''Habib b. Muzahir al-Asadi''' was one of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]'s special companions | |Native name=حبیب بن مُظاهر الاسدی}}'''Habib b. Muzahir al-Asadi''' was one of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]'s special companions who was martyred at the age of 75 at the [[Battle of Karbala]] while fighting in [[Imam Hussain]]'s army. | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Habib's father's name appears in the early sources in different forms. It is sometimes Muzahir,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 352, 355, 416.</ref> sometimes Muzahhar<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 462, 478, 480.</ref> and sometimes, Mutahhar<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 28, 34, 87.</ref>. Habib | Habib's father's name appears in the early sources in different forms. It is sometimes Muzahir,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 352, 355, 416.</ref> sometimes Muzahhar<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 462, 478, 480.</ref> and sometimes, Mutahhar<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 28, 34, 87.</ref>. Habib learnt the whole book of Holy Qur'an by heart and spent every night worshiping God. According to [[Imam Hussain]] he recited the whole Qur'an every night.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 124.</ref> He was so uninterested in material world and so pious that no matter how much money and security he was offered not to support Hussain, he rejected them all and said, "we will have no excuse to make to the [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet of God]], if we are alive and the son of the Prophet is oppressed and killed."<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 553.</ref> | ||
==During Prophet Muhammad's Life== | ==During Prophet Muhammad's Life== | ||
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When [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] came to [[Kufa]] as the Imam's representative, they rushed to support him. People of Kufa secretly pledged allegiance to Habib and Muslim b. Awsaja as the representative of Muslim b. Aqil. <ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 554.</ref> | When [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] came to [[Kufa]] as the Imam's representative, they rushed to support him. People of Kufa secretly pledged allegiance to Habib and Muslim b. Awsaja as the representative of Muslim b. Aqil. <ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 554.</ref> | ||
When [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd Allah b. Ziad]] came to Kufa, he threatened people and launched a crackdown against allegiance to Muslim b. Aqil; so people abandoned their allegiance to Muslim b. Aqil and | When [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd Allah b. Ziad]] came to Kufa, he threatened people and launched a crackdown against allegiance to Muslim b. Aqil; so people abandoned their allegiance to Muslim b. Aqil and left him alone. The tribe of Banu Asad hid Habib and Muslim b. 'Awsaja to protect them against Ibn Ziyad's agents. Habib and Muslim b. 'Awsaja left Kufa to join Imam Hussain. They hid themselves from Obayd Allah b. Ziad's spies and agents, so they moved at nights and hid during days. Eventually, they joined Imam Hussain's camp in [[Karbala]] on [[Muharram]] 7th 61(October 7th 680).<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 128.</ref> | ||
==In The Battle of Karbala== | ==In The Battle of Karbala== | ||
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===Eve of Ashura=== | ===Eve of Ashura=== | ||
In the eve of Ashura, Hilal b. Nafi informed Habib of the concerns of [[Zaynab]], the daughter of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], about the loyalty of the companions of Imam. Hilal and Habib gathered the companions of Imam Hussain and | In the eve of Ashura, Hilal b. Nafi informed Habib of the concerns of [[Zaynab]], the daughter of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], about the loyalty of the companions of Imam. Hilal and Habib gathered the companions of Imam Hussain and they went to Imam Hussain together and informed him that they will support the family of the Prophet to the last drop of their blood.<ref>''Mawsūʿat kalimāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 407-408.</ref> | ||
'''Day of Ashura''' | '''Day of Ashura''' | ||
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In his speech to the enemy's army, Imam Hussain mentioned his lineage, ancestry, merits and the narration of the Prophet saying "These two ([[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Hasan]] and [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]]) are [[Masters of the Youth of Paradise|the masters of paradise's youth]]." He even said that there are people among you who have heard the narration from the Prophet himself. Just then, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr]] cut Imam's speech and said, "May all of my worship for God be in doubt and uncertainty if I knew what you are talking about." | In his speech to the enemy's army, Imam Hussain mentioned his lineage, ancestry, merits and the narration of the Prophet saying "These two ([[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Hasan]] and [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]]) are [[Masters of the Youth of Paradise|the masters of paradise's youth]]." He even said that there are people among you who have heard the narration from the Prophet himself. Just then, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr]] cut Imam's speech and said, "May all of my worship for God be in doubt and uncertainty if I knew what you are talking about." | ||
Habib said, "I swear to God that I see you worship Him with 70 doubts and [layers of] uncertainty. I witness that you are right and have no idea what Imam is talking about. Your heart is dark and sealed against | Habib said, "I swear to God that I see you worship Him with 70 doubts and [layers of] uncertainty. I witness that you are right and have no idea what Imam is talking about. Your heart is dark and sealed against the truth."<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 450.</ref> | ||
At the beginning of the battle when a warrior from [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Omar b. Sa'd]]'s army was asking for someone to fight, Habib and [[Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani al-Mishraqi|Burayr]] hurried to fight him but Imam Hussain stopped them. | At the beginning of the battle when a warrior from [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Omar b. Sa'd]]'s army was asking for someone to fight, Habib and [[Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani al-Mishraqi|Burayr]] hurried to fight him but Imam Hussain stopped them. | ||
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At noon of Ashura, when [[Abu Thumama al-Sa'idi|Abu Thumama]] reminded Imam of the time of the prayer, Imam told his companions to ask the enemy to stop the war so that they can pray. Hussain b. Numayr (Hussain b. Tamim) said, "Your prayers won't be accepted by God." | At noon of Ashura, when [[Abu Thumama al-Sa'idi|Abu Thumama]] reminded Imam of the time of the prayer, Imam told his companions to ask the enemy to stop the war so that they can pray. Hussain b. Numayr (Hussain b. Tamim) said, "Your prayers won't be accepted by God." | ||
"You think that the prayer of Prophet's household will not be accepted" replied Habib, "Your prayers will not be accepted, you drunk!" Then Habib attacked him and hit his horse on the face with the sword. He fell to the ground and his friends came to help and | "You think that the prayer of Prophet's household will not be accepted" replied Habib, "Your prayers will not be accepted, you drunk!" Then Habib attacked him and hit his horse on the face with the sword. He fell to the ground and his friends came to help and rescue him from Habib's attack.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 124.</ref> | ||
While Muslim b. Awsaja covered in his own blood was breathing his last breaths, Imam Hussain and Habib came to him and Imam prayed to God to bless his soul. Then Imam read the verse of Qur'an which says, "Among the faithful are men who fulfill what they have pledged to Allah. Of them are some who have fulfilled their pledge, and of them are some who still wait and they have not changed in the least."<ref>Qur'an, 33:23</ref> Then Habib told him, "Your death is very hard for me, but I give you the good news of Paradise." Muslim b. Awsaja in return said with a weak voice, "May God give you good news." Habib said, "If my martyrdom were not close, I would have liked you to tell me your will [so that I executed for you] and by that I have fulfilled my tribal and religious duty toward you." Muslim b. Awsaja pointed to Imam Hussain and told Habib, "My will is to stay with Imam Hussain. May God bless you, keep defending him as long as you are alive, and do not stop supporting him until you are killed." Habib said, "I will execute your will and I will make you happy."<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 133.</ref> | While Muslim b. Awsaja covered in his own blood was breathing his last breaths, Imam Hussain and Habib came to him and Imam prayed to God to bless his soul. Then Imam read the verse of Qur'an which says, "Among the faithful are men who fulfill what they have pledged to Allah. Of them are some who have fulfilled their pledge, and of them are some who still wait and they have not changed in the least."<ref>Qur'an, 33:23</ref> Then Habib told him, "Your death is very hard for me, but I give you the good news of Paradise." Muslim b. Awsaja in return said with a weak voice, "May God give you good news." Habib said, "If my martyrdom were not close, I would have liked you to tell me your will [so that I executed for you] and by that I have fulfilled my tribal and religious duty toward you." Muslim b. Awsaja pointed to Imam Hussain and told Habib, "My will is to stay with Imam Hussain. May God bless you, keep defending him as long as you are alive, and do not stop supporting him until you are killed." Habib said, "I will execute your will and I will make you happy."<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 133.</ref> | ||
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Imam Hussain came to him and said: "I expect from God [the reward of] myself and my supportive companions."<ref>Abī Mikhnaf, ''Waqʿat al-ṭaff'', p. 265.</ref> According to some Maqtals, Imam said, "O Habib! You were a virtuous person who recited the whole Qur'an in one night."<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 124.</ref> | Imam Hussain came to him and said: "I expect from God [the reward of] myself and my supportive companions."<ref>Abī Mikhnaf, ''Waqʿat al-ṭaff'', p. 265.</ref> According to some Maqtals, Imam said, "O Habib! You were a virtuous person who recited the whole Qur'an in one night."<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 124.</ref> | ||
Habib's name is mentioned in the scripture of | Habib's name is mentioned in the scripture of Ziarat of Imam Hussain in the middle of Sha'ban and other scriptures of Ziarat of Imam Hussain.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', p. 229.</ref> | ||
===Tomb=== | ===Tomb=== | ||