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Zaynab: Difference between revisions
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| resting_place = Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, [[Damascus]], the Levant or Al-Sayeda Zainab Mosque, Cairo, Egypt | | resting_place = Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, [[Damascus]], the Levant or Al-Sayeda Zainab Mosque, Cairo, Egypt | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Zaynab''' is the granddaughter of the Prophet [[Prophet|Muhammed]] and role model for Shi῾i female activists. Zaynab is among the prominent granddaughters of the Prophet Mohammed, and her fame in Islamic history derives from her passionate and eloquent defense of her family and in particular her brother, [[Hussain ibn Ali|al-Hussain]], the | '''Zaynab''' is the granddaughter of the Prophet [[Prophet|Muhammed]] and role model for Shi῾i female activists. Zaynab is among the prominent granddaughters of the Prophet Mohammed, and her fame in Islamic history derives from her passionate and eloquent defense of her family and in particular her brother, [[Hussain ibn Ali|al-Hussain]], the martyr of the Battle of [[Karbala]] (680). She was a daughter of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|῾Ali ibn Abi Talib]], Mohammed's cousin, and [[Fatima]] al-Zahra, the youngest daughter of Mohammad. | ||
==Early Life== | ==Early Life== | ||
Early Muslim sources provide few details about Zaynab's life before the Battle of Karbala. Mohammed Ibn Sa῾d's (d. 845) biographical compendium, among the earliest sources for her life, simply relates her genealogy, mentions her marriage to ῾Abd Allah ibn Ja῾far ibn Abi Talib (her first cousin), and lists the names of her five children (῾Ali, ῾Awn al-Akbar, ῾Abbas, Mohammed, and Umm Kulthum). While there is general consensus that she was the oldest daughter of ῾Ali and Fatima, there is no clarity about other details of her birth and early life. | Early Muslim sources provide few details about Zaynab's life before the Battle of Karbala. Mohammed Ibn Sa῾d's (d. 845) biographical compendium, among the earliest sources for her life, simply relates her genealogy, mentions her marriage to ῾Abd Allah ibn Ja῾far ibn Abi Talib (her first cousin), and lists the names of her five children (῾Ali, ῾Awn al-Akbar, ῾Abbas, Mohammed, and Umm Kulthum). While there is general consensus that she was the oldest daughter of ῾Ali and Fatima, there is no clarity about other details of her birth and early life. | ||
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At the first day of Safar, according to a narration of Turabi, when the caravan of captives arrived at Damascus, they and the heads of fallen ones were taken into [[Yazid]]'s presence. [[Yazid]] recited the blasphemous poetic verses of Abdullah bin Zab'ari Sahmi which he had composed while he was an unbeliever and also added some poetic verses of his own. | At the first day of Safar, according to a narration of Turabi, when the caravan of captives arrived at Damascus, they and the heads of fallen ones were taken into [[Yazid]]'s presence. [[Yazid]] recited the blasphemous poetic verses of Abdullah bin Zab'ari Sahmi which he had composed while he was an unbeliever and also added some poetic verses of his own. | ||
At this time, Zaynab, the daughter of Ali, rose and began speaking. She added a new chapter to the history of the Caliphate of Yazid which covered a period of three years and a few months, and said: "O Yazid! Allah and His Prophet have said that committing sins and considering the signs of Allah to be false is ridiculing them", i.e. | At this time, Zaynab, the daughter of Ali, rose and began speaking. She added a new chapter to the history of the Caliphate of Yazid which covered a period of three years and a few months, and said: "O Yazid! Allah and His Prophet have said that committing sins and considering the signs of Allah to be false is ridiculing them", i.e. denying the sign of Allah today and holding them in derision and having become happy, and reciting poetic verses on account of the martyrdom of the children of the Holy Prophet just as the polytheists of Makkah did when they became happy and sang songs because of the [[martyrdom]] of some Muslims in the Battle of Uhud, and talked about taking revenge upon the Holy Prophet. | ||
This is how you become like them and how you have reached this stage? You have reached this stage because you have committed too many sins. Whoever treads the path of sin and persists in committing sins will, according to the verdict of the Qur'an, deny the signs of Allah one day and eventually will ridicule them and then deserve Divine punishment. | This is how you become like them and how you have reached this stage? You have reached this stage because you have committed too many sins. Whoever treads the path of sin and persists in committing sins will, according to the verdict of the Qur'an, deny the signs of Allah one day and eventually will ridicule them and then deserve Divine punishment. | ||
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==Historical Impact== | ==Historical Impact== | ||
While Sunni and Shi῾i sources concur about the centrality of Zaynab's role during and immediately after the Battle of Karbala, she figures far more prominently in Shi῾i historiography than in the Sunni sources. As such her life story is central to the hagiography on the family of ῾Ali as well as in the definition of contemporary gender roles in Shi῾i societies. A number of modern biographers, for example, provide extensive details about her life from birth to death and cast her as an exemplar for modern Shi῾i women in the domestic and political spheres. In many respects she is | While Sunni and Shi῾i sources concur about the centrality of Zaynab's role during and immediately after the Battle of Karbala, she figures far more prominently in Shi῾i historiography than in the Sunni sources. As such her life story is central to the hagiography on the family of ῾Ali as well as in the definition of contemporary gender roles in Shi῾i societies. A number of modern biographers, for example, provide extensive details about her life from birth to death and cast her as an exemplar for modern Shi῾i women in the domestic and political spheres. In many respects she is providing a model of political activism, remaining steadfast and brave in the face of tyranny and oppression, and living virtuously as a daughter, wife, and mother. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|30em}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||