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Shahrbanu: Difference between revisions
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{{infobox person | |||
| name =Shahrbanu | |||
| native_name =شهربانو | |||
| image = | |||
| known_for = The principal wife of the third Imam and the mother of fourth Imam | |||
| birth_date = | |||
| birth_place = Iran | |||
| father =Yazdgerd III | |||
| mother = | |||
| relatives = | |||
| spouse = Hussain b. Ali b. Abi Talib | |||
| children = Ali b. al-Hussain | |||
| death_date = | |||
| death_place = | |||
| resting_place = | |||
}} | |||
'''Shahrbanu''' (lit. “Lady of the Land,” i.e., of Persia), is said to be the daughter of Yazdgerd III (r. 632-51), the last [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty Sasanian] king. According to the beliefs of the [[Shiʿa|Shiʿites]], in particular the Twelvers or Imamis, but also of a substantial number of [[Sunnis]], she became the principal wife of the third Imam, [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain b. ʿAli]], and the mother of the fourth Imam, [[ʿAli b. al-Hussain|ʿAli b. Hussain b. ʿAli Zayn al-ʿAbedin]]. Consequently, the lineage of Imams, from the fourth to twelfth and final, would be her progeny. The personality of this saintly figure, especially revered in Persia, seems noteworthy and important in relationships that link [[Imami Shiʿism]] to pre-Islamic Persia. In spite of her important location in popular culture, the earliest sources make no mention of the mother of Ali ibn Hussain, nor do they ascribe him with maternal royal ancestry. Therefore, Shahrbanu as a historical figure is debated. | '''Shahrbanu''' (lit. “Lady of the Land,” i.e., of Persia), is said to be the daughter of Yazdgerd III (r. 632-51), the last [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty Sasanian] king. According to the beliefs of the [[Shiʿa|Shiʿites]], in particular the Twelvers or Imamis, but also of a substantial number of [[Sunnis]], she became the principal wife of the third Imam, [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain b. ʿAli]], and the mother of the fourth Imam, [[ʿAli b. al-Hussain|ʿAli b. Hussain b. ʿAli Zayn al-ʿAbedin]]. Consequently, the lineage of Imams, from the fourth to twelfth and final, would be her progeny. The personality of this saintly figure, especially revered in Persia, seems noteworthy and important in relationships that link [[Imami Shiʿism]] to pre-Islamic Persia. In spite of her important location in popular culture, the earliest sources make no mention of the mother of Ali ibn Hussain, nor do they ascribe him with maternal royal ancestry. Therefore, Shahrbanu as a historical figure is debated. | ||
==Historicity== | ==Historicity== | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
*Abu Yusof Yaʿqub b. Ebrāhim, Ketāb al-karāj, ed. E. ʿAbbās, Beirut and London, 1985. | *Abu Yusof Yaʿqub b. Ebrāhim, Ketāb al-karāj, ed. E. ʿAbbās, Beirut and London, 1985. | ||
*M. A. Amir-Moezzi, Le guide divin dans le shi’isme originel. Aux sources de l’ésotérisme en Islam, Paris, 1992; Engl. tr., The Divine Guide in Early | *M. A. Amir-Moezzi, Le guide divin dans le shi’isme originel. Aux sources de l’ésotérisme en Islam, Paris, 1992; Engl. tr., The Divine Guide in Early Shiʿism, New York, 1994. | ||
*Idem, “Considérations sur l’expression dīn ʿAlī. Aux origines de la foi | *Idem, “Considérations sur l’expression dīn ʿAlī. Aux origines de la foi shiʿite,” ZDMG150/1, 2000, pp. 29-68. | ||
*Idem, “Shahrbānū, Dame du pays d’Iran et mère des Imams: entre l’Iran préislamique et le | *Idem, “Shahrbānū, Dame du pays d’Iran et mère des Imams: entre l’Iran préislamique et le Shiʿisme Imamite,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 27, 2002(a), pp. 487-549; abridged version: “Shahrbānū, princesse sassanide et épouse de l’imam Ḥusayn. De l’Iran préislamique à l’Islam shiʿite,” in Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris, January-March 2002b, pp. 255-85. | ||
*Ašʿari, al-Maqālāt wa ʾl-feraq, ed. M. J. Maškur, Tehran, 1963. | *Ašʿari, al-Maqālāt wa ʾl-feraq, ed. M. J. Maškur, Tehran, 1963. | ||
*Balāḏori, Fotuḥ, repr. 1968. Idem, Anṣāb, III, ed. M. B. Maḥmudi, Beirut, 1974. | *Balāḏori, Fotuḥ, repr. 1968. Idem, Anṣāb, III, ed. M. B. Maḥmudi, Beirut, 1974. | ||