Template:Infobox thulium

Thulium, ₆₉Tm
	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery gray
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Thulium in the periodic table
	Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	69
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1818 K (1545 °C, 2813 °F)
Boiling point	2223 K (1950 °C, 3542 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	16.84 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization\|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	191 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.03 J/(mol·K)
	[[Vapor pressure\|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.25
[[Ionization energy\|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 596.7 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	190±10 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Thermal expansion	poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity	16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	poly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic (at 300 K)
Magnetic susceptibility	+25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)
Young's modulus	74.0 GPa
Shear modulus	30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.213
Vickers hardness	470–650 MPa
Brinell hardness	470–900 MPa
CAS Number	7440-30-4
History
Naming	after Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Discovery and first isolation	Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
Main isotopes of thulium
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Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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