Template:Infobox gallium

Gallium, ₃₁Ga
	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image-caption
General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	silvery blue
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Gallium in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	31
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 4
Block	p-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F)
Boiling point	2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	5.91 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.095 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization\|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	256 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
	[[Vapor pressure\|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.81
[[Ionization energy\|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 578.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
	Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	2740 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	270 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−21.6·10−6 cm3/mol (at 290 K)
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	56.8–68.7 MPa
CAS Number	7440-55-3
History
Naming	after Gallia (Latin for: France), homeland of the discoverer
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Discovery and first isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Main isotopes of gallium
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Template:Infobox element/element navigation Template:Template reference list Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG; Zhang S (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (in Deutsch). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. ISBN 3728125970.

[Zhang-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Zhang Y; Evans JRG; Zhang S (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". J. Chem. Eng. Data. 56 (2): 328–337. doi:10.1021/je1011086.

[2] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[3] Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (in Deutsch). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. ISBN 3728125970.

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