Template:Infobox bismuth

Bismuth,  ₈₃Bi

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	lustrous brownish silver
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Bismuth in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	83
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 6
Block	p-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	544.7 K ​(271.5 °C, ​520.7 °F)
Boiling point	1837 K ​(1564 °C, ​2847 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	9.78 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	179 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 703 kJ/mol 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.97 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−280.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.25
Brinell hardness	70–95 MPa
CAS Number	7440-69-9
History
Discovery	Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
Main isotopes of bismuth
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