Template:Infobox nickel

Nickel,  ₂₈Ni

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General properties
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)	Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope)
Nickel in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	28
Group	Template:Infobox element/group
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Element category	Template:Infobox element/category format
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
Boiling point	3003 K ​(2730 °C, ​4946 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.908 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.48 kJ/mol
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]]	379 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol·K)
[[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] Template:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.91
[[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]]	1st: 737.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 124 pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
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Other properties
Crystal structure	​Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure
Speed of sound thin rod	4900 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	90.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	69.3 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	667–1600 MPa
CAS Number	7440-02-0
History
Discovery and first isolation	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Main isotopes of nickel
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