Latest revision as of 18:01, 11 November 2018
Nickel, 28Ni |
| General properties |
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| Pronunciation | Template:Infobox element/pronunciation |
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| Appearance | lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge |
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| Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) | Template:Infobox element/standard atomic weight |
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| Mass number | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope (most stable isotope) |
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| Nickel in the periodic table |
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| Template:Infobox element/periodic table |
| Atomic number (Z) | 28 |
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| Group | Template:Infobox element/group |
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| Period | period 4 |
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| Block | d-block |
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| Element category | Template:Infobox element/category format |
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| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or
[Ar] 3d9 4s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1 |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solid |
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| Melting point | 1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3003 K (2730 °C, 4946 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 8.908 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.81 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 17.48 kJ/mol |
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| [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of Template:Engvar]] | 379 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.07 J/(mol·K) |
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| [[Vapor pressure|Template:Engvar pressure]] |
| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.91 |
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| [[Ionization energy|Template:Engvar energies]] | - 1st: 737.1 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol
- (more)
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 124 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 124±4 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 163 pm |
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| Template:Infobox element/spectral lines |
| Other properties |
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| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 4900 m/s (at r.t.) |
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| Thermal expansion | 13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 90.9 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 69.3 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | ferromagnetic |
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| Young's modulus | 200 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 76 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 180 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.31 |
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| Mohs hardness | 4.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 638 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 667–1600 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-02-0 |
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| History |
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| Discovery and first isolation | Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751) |
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| Main isotopes of nickel |
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| Template:Infobox element/isotopes table |
| | references |
Template:Infobox element/element navigation
Template:Template reference list
Expression error: Unrecognized word "template".
- ↑ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (2): 3384. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435. PMID 19021174.
- ↑ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (18): 3357. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862. PMID 19322853.
