Ali AL-Hadi: Difference between revisions
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'''Ali AL-Hadi''', Abul-Hasan B. Muhammad B. ‘Ali B. Musa al-‘Askari, is the 10th [[imam]] of the [[Imami]] Shiʿites (d. 254/868). Besides Hadi, his most common epithet is Naqi; in Shiʿite sources he is often referred to as Abu’l-Hasan al-Thaleth. He was summoned to [[Samarra]] by the [[Abbasid]] caliph Al-Mutawakkil and lived under direct surveillance of the rulers of his time. There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until, according to [[Shiʿa|Shi’ite]] accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra. | '''Ali AL-Hadi''', Abul-Hasan B. Muhammad B. ‘Ali B. Musa al-‘Askari, is the 10th [[imam]] of the [[Imami]] Shiʿites (d. 254/868). Besides Hadi, his most common epithet is Naqi; in Shiʿite sources he is often referred to as Abu’l-Hasan al-Thaleth. He was summoned to [[Samarra]] by the [[Abbasid]] caliph Al-Mutawakkil and lived under direct surveillance of the rulers of his time. There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until, according to [[Shiʿa|Shi’ite]] accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra. | ||
==Birth and Early Life== | ==Birth and Early Life== | ||
He was born, according to the best authenticated report, on 16 Dhu’l-hejja 212/7 March 828 in Sorayya, a village three miles from Medina founded by his great-grandfather, [[Musa al-Kazem]]. Other dates given for his birth are in Rajab or Dhu’l-hejja, 213 or 214/September, 828/January, 830. His mother | He was born, according to the best authenticated report, on 16 Dhu’l-hejja 212/7 March 828 in Sorayya, a village three miles from Medina founded by his great-grandfather, [[Musa al-Kazem]]. Other dates given for his birth are in Rajab or Dhu’l-hejja, 213 or 214/September, 828/January, 830. His mother, Samana or Susan, was probably of Maqrebi origin. When his father, Imam [[Muhammad al-Jawad]], died in Baghdad on 6 Dhu’l-hejja 220/30 November 835, he was still a minor. According to his father’s will, he was to receive his estates, property, and slaves after reaching majority to the exclusion of his brother Musa. | ||
==Imamate== | ==Imamate== | ||
The followers of his father generally recognized him as imam. Later a small group broke away under unexplained circumstances, claiming that Musa was the imam; they soon returned to allegiance to Ali, since Musa dissociated himself from them. | The followers of his father generally recognized him as imam. Later a small group broke away under unexplained circumstances, claiming that Musa was the imam; they soon returned to allegiance to Ali, since Musa dissociated himself from them. | ||
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He arrived in Samarra on 23 Ramadan 233/1 May 848. The caliph did not immediately receive him but, on the next day, assigned a house for his residence. The imam remained in Samarra for the rest of his life under constant observation. He was evidently able to maintain contact with his representatives among his followers, sending them his instructions and receiving through them the financial contributions of the faithful from the khoms and religious vows. | He arrived in Samarra on 23 Ramadan 233/1 May 848. The caliph did not immediately receive him but, on the next day, assigned a house for his residence. The imam remained in Samarra for the rest of his life under constant observation. He was evidently able to maintain contact with his representatives among his followers, sending them his instructions and receiving through them the financial contributions of the faithful from the khoms and religious vows. | ||
== | ==Martyrdom == | ||
According to Shi’ite accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph. According to Tabari and Kolayni, he died on 26 Jomada II 254/21 June 868. Other dates mentioned in the sources fall within Jomada II and Rajab 254/June-July, 868. The caliph Moʿtazz sent his brother Abu Ahmad Mowaffaq to lead the funeral prayer for him. When large crowds gathered to lament him, his corpse was returned to his house, which he had bought from the Christian Dolayl b. Yaʿqub, and was buried there. His son Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad, who had originally been expected to succeed him in the imamate, had died before him in Samarra. Two other sons survived him—Hasan, who became his successor, and Jaʿfar. | According to Shi’ite accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph. According to Tabari and Kolayni, he died on 26 Jomada II 254/21 June 868. Other dates mentioned in the sources fall within Jomada II and Rajab 254/June-July, 868. The caliph Moʿtazz sent his brother Abu Ahmad Mowaffaq to lead the funeral prayer for him. When large crowds gathered to lament him, his corpse was returned to his house, which he had bought from the Christian Dolayl b. Yaʿqub, and was buried there. His son Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad, who had originally been expected to succeed him in the imamate, had died before him in Samarra. Two other sons survived him—Hasan, who became his successor, and Jaʿfar. | ||
==In Shiʿite hagiography== | ==In Shiʿite hagiography== | ||